Composite materials are revolutionizing to realize the demanding needs of aeronautical, automobile, construction, chemical, and biomedical applications. The natural fiber composite is chosen as one of the best choices among composites due to its sustainable goods like eco-friendly nature, better properties and Greenhouse gas (GHG) balance. Furthermore, the bast fiber composites are identified as promising industrial composites based on the availability, strength-to-weight ratio, manufacturing ease, and economics for commercialization. However, product quality and production volume significantly influence commercial adoption of the bast fiber composites. Especially the product quality primarily suffer due to climatic conditions, damage while harvesting, extraction method, retting issues, and extraction location. Consequently, this review aims to provide an overview of the bast fibers & their composites, properties enhancement techniques, overall mechanical behaviours and thermal stability with suitable applications.
This research paper presents a thermophysical model development and simulation of the electric discharge coating process (EDC). Many literatures are available for the electric discharge coating process from an experimental perspective. A 2-D axisymmetric model was initially developed with the realistic assumption with multi-spark overlap conditions considered in this work. The melt pool volume of the tool material is estimated from the 2D model. The 3D coating model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. This model predicts the temperature distribution on the green compact tool electrode and coating thickness on the substrate. To validate the simulation model, the experimental result from the literature is compared with the simulation result. The simulation and validation trials results reveal that the present developed coating model can predict the coating thickness with minimum error (4% -14%). The developed multi-spark model for the EDC process can be referenced to understand the coating mechanism for various tools and workpiece materials.
The fabrication of micro products is gradually expanding due to their need in micro feature-based frameworks, which require a multitude of functions to be integrated. Electro discharge deposition (EDD) is an emerging additive manufacturing process to create micro products. In the present paper, simulation of an EDD process has been investigated in the presence and absence of maximum magnetic flux density. In the first stage of simulation, a thermo–physical model has been developed to find the melt volume in single pulse discharge. In the second stage, initially the optimum orientation and location of the magnet to be placed around the EDD plasma are identified, and subsequently, in the presence of maximum magnetic flux density, heavy species transport is used to study the impact of the process on the height and weight of deposition. Experiments are carried out to validate the simulation results. From the results obtained it is observed that the height of deposition is increased by 23.5% in the presence of the magnetic field.
The demand for multifunctional micro parts is an ever increasing need for product miniaturization. Amongst the spectrum of micro manufacturing processes, Electro-Discharge Deposition (EDD) is a newly developing additive process to produce parts in micro scale. In EDD the tool and workpiece electrodes are connected to reverse polarity in order to remove material from anode which deposits on cathode surface. The advantage of EDD is, any conducting tool material can be deposited irrespective of its hardness on the specified conducting substrate. So far, limited work has been carried out to develop micro parts like micro cylinders, micro spiral structures, etc., by EDD. In this work an attempt has been made to study the effect of various process parameters like current, duty cycle, pulse on time, voltage and table feed rate in EDD using central composite rotatable design (CCRD). It is found from the experimental results that, current plays a significant role in deposition of tool material.
A new deposition technique for the fabrication of micro parts by electrical discharge machine (EDM) was investigated. Electro discharge deposition (EDDe) is an emerging process in the area of manufacturing parts in micro scale. The dissipated energy at the anode is used voluntarily to melt the wire which gets deposited on the desired surface. Researches on EDDe process investigated mainly on the effect of main operating parameters such as current, pulse on time, voltage, on the quality of deposited material. The control of melted and vaporized material would assist in limiting the plasma channel which would significantly affect the stability of deposition process. Thus, the deposition process performance would be improved by controlling the deposition particles within interelectrode gap. In this investigation, magnetic field was added to conventional electrical discharge machine to form magnetic field assisted EDDe. Experimental study using CCRD method is conducted to understand the effect of varying process parameters which includes current, voltage, pulse on time, duty cycle and field strength on deposited layer characteristics. Experimental results suggest that the magnetic field facilitates the deposition process significantly.
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