Dry Matter and Starch Disappearance of Corn and Sorghum as Influenced by Particle Size and Processing

Galyean, M. L.; Wagner, D. G.; Owens, F. N.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(81)82769-5

Cited by 80 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Para o sorgo, a moagem fina (0,2 mm) apresentou maior degradação (P<0,01) em relação à ensilagem, não sendo observada diferença entre a quebra e a ensilagem sobre a degradabilidade da matéria seca. Os resultados obtidos com o milho são condizentes com os encontrados por Gill et al (1982);Ladely et al (1995); Costa et al (1997) e Arrigoni et al (1997. Estes autores afirmam que grãos de milho submetidos à ensilagem com alto teor de umidade (28%) apresentam aumento na taxa e na velocidade da sua degradação ruminal.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…O aumento da digestão do grão úmido ensilado em comparação ao grão seco tem sido discutido por vários autores. Se, por um lado, o maior conteúdo de umidade dos grãos favorece a fermentação e elevação da temperatura no interior do silo, causando uma gelatinização parcial do amido e aumentando sua digestibilidade ruminal e intestinal, por outro, ocorre a influência da solubilização da matriz protéica ao redor dos grânulos de amido, facilitando o ataque enzimático pelas bactérias ruminais (Galyean et al, 1981;Gill et al, 1982;Costa et al, 1997;Arrigoni et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, amido e fibra em detergente ácido foi maior para o milho de alta umidade em relação ao milho seco (Stock et al, 1987ab), sugerindo que o amido presente no milho úmido deve ser mais rapidamente e extensivamente digerido no rúmen (Galyean et al, 1976;Stock et al, 1987a, b). Por outro lado, o amido do sorgo apresenta digestão ruminal mais lenta, e maior proporção de grãos não digeridos atinge os intestinos (McNeill et al, 1971;Spicer et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Estudo, avaliando a taxa de desaparecimento do amido in situ dentro de diferentes processamentos e tamanhos de partícula, mostrou que o desaparecimento do amido, dentro de cada tamanho de partícula, foi maior para grão úmido de milho ensilado do que para o milho seco moído (Galyean et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Digestibilidade de dietas a base de grão úmido de milho ou de sorgo ensilados

Passini

Silveira

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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RESUMO.Digestibilidade in vivo de dietas com sorgo úmido substituindo milho úmido foi estudada em 12 fêmeas bovinas. O delineamento, inteiramente casualizado, conteve três tratamentos, sendo a substituição do milho pelo sorgo úmido, nos níveis de 0, 50 e 100%. As dietas continham grão úmido de milho ou sorgo, soja, uréia, feno de aveia (Avena sativa sp.), minerais e monensina. Foi avaliada a degradabilidade in situ do milho e sorgo nos processamentos de moagem, quebra e ensilagem. Não houve diferença na digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta, fibra bruta, fibra detergente neutro e extrato etéreo. Houve efeito linear negativo (P<0,05) para digestibilidade aparente do amido com inclusão do sorgo na ração. Houve interação entre processamento e grão sobre degradação efetiva da matéria seca (P<0,01). O milho apresentou maior degradação para ensilagem, pior para quebra e intermediária para moagem (P<0,01). No sorgo, a ensilagem foi semelhante à quebra, sendo inferior à moagem (P<0,01).Palavras-chave: degradabilidade, digestão, processamento, bovinos, grãos úmidos. ABSTRACT. Digestibility of high moisture corn or sorghum grain silage in diets.In vivo digestibility of diets with high moisture sorghum substituting corn was studied in 12 female bovines. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, substituting high moisture corn by sorghum at 0, 50 and 100% levels. Diets contained high moisture corn or sorghum, soybean, urea, oat hay (Avena sativa sp.), minerals and monensin. In situ degradability of corn and sorghum in cracking, grinding and silage processes was evaluated. There was no difference in apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and ethereal extract. Negative lineal effect was observed (P<0,05) for apparent digestibility of starch with sorghum inclusion. Processing interacted with grain when effective degradation of dry matter was concerned (P<0,01). Corn had the highest degradation in high moisture silage; the worst degradation occurred with cracked; an intermediate degradation occurred in grinding (P<0,01). Degradation in silage was similar as that of cracked degradation in sorghum; it was worst in grinding (P<0,01).

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Digestibilidade de dietas a base de grão úmido de milho ou de sorgo ensilados

Passini

Silveira

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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“…The greater rate of in situ starch degradation for RB compared with RC (25.3 v. 6.3%/h) supports the above established principle. Grinding physically reduces grain particle size thereby increasing surface area and access of starch granules to the action of rumen microbes resulting in an increase in ruminal starch digestion (Galyean et al, 1981;Theurer, 1986). As such, the rate of in situ starch digestion for the ground diets was greater than for rolled diets.…”

Section: Rumen Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk rumenic acid production

Mohammed

Kennelly

Kramer

et al. 2010

Animal

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It was hypothesized that differences in starch degradability account for observed differences in rumen vaccenic acid (t11-18:1) and milk rumenic acid (RA) concentrations. To test this hypothesis, starch degradability was varied through grain source and by processing. Eight Holstein cows in mid-lactation were assigned to two 4 3 4 Latin squares with four 21-day periods and four diets: dry rolled barley, ground barley, dry rolled corn and ground corn. Diets contained similar starch content and were supplemented with whole sunflower seed to provide similar total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (18:2n-6 1 18:3n-3) contents. Forage/ concentrate ratios of all diets were 42 : 58. Rumen, plasma and milk samples were collected in the third week of each period. In situ degradation rates (%/h) for rolled corn, ground corn, rolled barley and ground barley were 5.4, 8.9, 17.0 and 19.4, respectively, for dry matter (DM) and 6.3, 10.8, 25.3 and 43.8, respectively, for starch. DM intakes were greater for corn-based diets (CBD) than for barley-based diets (BBD) with no difference between rolled and ground diets. Daily minimum rumen pH was less (5.2 v. 5.5) and pH duration ,5.8 (h/d) was greater (7.4 v. 4.3) for BBD than for CBD. Milk fat content and yield were less for BBD than for CBD with greater values observed for rolling compared with grinding. Variability in milk fat yield was strongly related (R 2 5 0.55; P , 0.01) to total starch intake (45%) and milk c9t11-CLA (10%) and none of the t-18:1 isomers or CLA isomers that are typically associated with milk fat depression entered the model. The concentrations (%) of t10-18:1 and t11-18:1 were greater for BBD than for CBD in rumen contents (t10-18:1, 3.5 v. 1.3; t11-18:1, 3.2 v. 1.9), plasma (t10-18:1, 1.2 v. 0.2; t11-18:1, 0.97 v. 0.58) and milk (t10-18:1, 3.8 v. 1.0; t11-18:1, 2.6 v. 1.7) despite greater total PUFA intakes for CBD. Milk RA concentration was greater for BBD than for CBD (1.46 v. 0.89) but was not influenced by the method of grain processing. This study clearly demonstrated that the milk content and profile of t-18:1 and CLA isomers were more strongly influenced by the source of grain starch (barley . corn) than by the method of grain processing indicating that factors inherent in the source of starch were responsible for the observed differences and these factors could not be modified by the processing methods used in this study.Keywords: grain processing, vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, corn, barley ImplicationsConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a component of milk fat with demonstrated health benefits. It was hypothesized that a difference in rate of starch digestion, varied through source of grain and processing method (rolling v. grinding), would influence rumen PUFA digestion and thus milk CLA. Concentrations of ruminal CLA precursors and milk CLA were greater for barley-based diets than corn-based diets but were not different between rolling and grinding indicating that factors inherent in the source of starch were responsible for the observed ...

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Anti‐hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of wheat bran with different particle sizes

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUND Wheat bran has been shown to have health‐promoting benefits in relation to diabetes, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, and gastrointestinal disease. However, its effects on obesity, hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity, and hyperlipidemia are not yet clear. The effects of the consumption of wheat bran of different particle sizes (coarse, 427.55 µm versus ultra‐fine, 11.63 µm) on body weight, serum glucose, liver, and blood lipid metabolism levels in high‐fat‐diet induced rats fed for 5 weeks were investigated. RESULTS The high‐fat diet significantly increased body weight, serum glucose, serum and liver lipids, and malondialdehyde levels. However, addition of coarse and ultra‐fine wheat bran to a high‐fat diet decreased weight gain, reduced the levels of serum and liver total cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, serum low‐density lipoprotein, and serum glucose, and improved serum high‐density lipoprotein. Moreover, when two particle sizes were compared, the highest impact was exhibited by the wheat bran containing the larger particle size. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that micronized wheat bran significantly improves anti‐hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties that might provide a safeguard to protect humans against metabolic syndrome abnormalities and other acute, recurrent, or chronic diseases. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Dry Matter and Starch Disappearance of Corn and Sorghum as Influenced by Particle Size and Processing

Cited by 80 publications

References 11 publications

Digestibilidade de dietas a base de grão úmido de milho ou de sorgo ensilados

Digestibilidade de dietas a base de grão úmido de milho ou de sorgo ensilados

Effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk rumenic acid production

Anti‐hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of wheat bran with different particle sizes

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