Drug Dealers, Robbery and Retaliation. Vulnerability, Deterrence and the Contagion of Violence

Topalli, Volkan; Wright, Richard; Fornango, Robert

doi:10.1093/bjc/42.2.337

Cited by 188 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These risks also include immediate physical dangers-such as injury, paralysis, or death-that exist in the "foreground" of the criminal lifestyle and that may result from crime victim retaliation, attacks by rival offenders, or police action (Dobrin, 2001;Hoffman, 2004;Jacobs, Topalli, and Wright, 2000;McCarthy and Hagan, 2005;Sampson and Lauritsen, 2005;Topalli, Wright, and Fornango, 2002;Tremblay and Paré, 2003).…”

Section: "Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-methods Approach To Anticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond that, the internal validity of these kinds of data and procedures has been exhaustively addressed in previous research and need not be fully restated here (see, for example, Jacobs et al 2000Jacobs et al , 2003Jacobs and Wright, 1999;Maher, 1997;Topalli et al, 2002;Topalli and Wright, 2004;Wright and Decker, 1997).…”

Section: Issues Of Internal Validitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although CWA has a core group of residents invested in the safety and improvement of their neighborhoods, most areas within its bounds are dominated by violence, decay, and a lack of city services, and do not represent "neighborhood communities" in the conventional middle-class sense (see Inciardi, Horowitz, and Pottieger, 1993 (Cromwell and Olson, 2004; Cromwell, Olson and Avary, 1991; Piquero and Rengert, 1999;Wright and Decker, 1994), robbery and theft (Miller, 1998;Shover and Henderson, 1995;Wright and Decker, 1997), prostitution (e.g., Maher, 1997;Phoenix, 2000), carjacking Topalli and Wright, 2004), drug dealing and drug robbery (Bourgois, 1995;Geter, 1994;Hagedorn, 1994;Jacobs, 1999Jacobs, , 2000Jacobs, , 2006Jacobs et al, 2000;Topalli et al, 2002), crime among homeless youth (e.g., Inciardi, et al, 1993;Tyler and Johnson, 2004), gangs (e.g., Miller, 2001) and street snitching (Rosenfeld, Jacobs, and Wright, 2003).…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such offenders spend as much as they have, as quickly as possible. The constant need for cash, drugs, and alcohol to "keep the party going"-combined with careless spending habits-leads offenders to participate in serious crime to bankroll their impulsive lifestyles (Katz, 1988;Jacobs, 2000;Jacobs et al, 2003Jacobs et al, , 2000Shover, 1996;Shover and Honaker, 1992;Topalli et al, 2002;Decker, 1997, 1994).…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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"Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-Methods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime

Brezina

Tekin

Topalli

2008

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A number of researchers point to the anticipation of early death, or a sense of "futurelessness," as a contributing factor to youth crime and violence. Young people who perceive a high probability of early death, it is argued, may have little reason to delay gratification for the promise of future benefits, as the future itself is discounted. Consequently, these young people tend to pursue high-risk behaviors associated with immediate rewards, including crime and violence. Although existing studies lend empirical support to these arguments and show a statistical relationship between anticipated early death and youth crime, this support remains tentative. Moreover, a number of questions remain regarding the interpretation of this relationship, the meanings that offenders attach to the prospect of early death, and the causal mechanisms that link anticipated early death to youth crime. In this paper, we address the limitations of previous studies using a multi-methods approach, involving the analyses of national survey data and in-depth interviews with active street offenders. "MIGHT NOT BE A TOMORROW": A MULTI-METHODS APPROACH TO ANTICIPATED EARLY DEATH AND YOUTH CRIMEPrior criminological research has served to highlight the risks of offending behavior.These risks include a number of long-term negative consequences that may accrue to offenders over the life course, including reduced life chances, poor health, and incarceration (Hagan, 1991(Hagan, , 1997Moffitt, 1993;Robins, 1966; Laub 1993, 1997;Tanner, Davies, and O'Grady, 1999). These risks also include immediate physical dangers-such as injury, paralysis, or death-that exist in the "foreground" of the criminal lifestyle and that may result from crime victim retaliation, attacks by rival offenders, or police action (Dobrin, 2001;Hoffman, 2004;Jacobs, Topalli, and Wright, 2000;McCarthy and Hagan, 2005; Sampson and Lauritsen, 2005;Topalli, Wright, and Fornango, 2002;Tremblay and Paré, 2003).At the same time, criminological research has highlighted the existence of hard-core offenders who appear to be fearless in the face of these dangers (Anderson, 1994(Anderson, , 1999Hoffman, 2004;Jacobs et al., 2000;McCarthy and Hagan, 2005;Topalli, 2005a). This population includes individuals who have experienced stabbings, shootings, or other lifethreatening injuries and yet remain undeterred from a risky and criminal lifestyle (Hoffman, 2004). In the words of one such offender, "I don't give a damn. I don't care what happens really… whether they kill us or we kill them" (Topalli and Wright, 2004: 164).To account for the fearless and uninhibited conduct of some offenders, a number of theorists have underscored the sense of hopelessness and fatalism that is said to pervade economically distressed, high-crime communities (Anderson, 1994(Anderson, , 1999Garbarino et al., 1992;Kitwana, 2002;Lorion and Saltzman, 1993;Wilson and Daly, 1997). When young people believe they have no future, it is argued, they have little to lose by engaging in crime or violence.This argument ...

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Section: "Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-methods Approach To Anticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issues Of Internal Validitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

"Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-Methods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime

Brezina

Tekin

Topalli

2008

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“…Эти дан-ные коррелируют с более ранними исследованиями, в которых также отмечается высокий процент участия в условиях официальных учреждений [44,46]. Как и в более ранних исследованиях, респонден-ты были осуждены за различные преступления (см., например, [47][48][49][50][51]). В данном исследовании вид со-вершенного преступления не регистрировался и не являлся критерием выборки.…”

Section: методология выборка и процедура исследованияunclassified

An empirical test of social information processing theory and emotions in violent situations

Bowen¹,

Roberts²,

Kocian³

et al. 2017

APEL

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Цель: исследование процесса принятия решений в ситуациях, связанных с высокой степенью риска насилия. Методы: формально-юридический, социологический, метод иерархического обобщенного линейного моделирования. Результаты: в криминологии при изучении процесса принятия решений у правонарушителя обычно применяется подход рационального выбора. Однако этот подход не учитывает комплексного взаимодействия ситуационных, когнитивных, эмоциональных и личностных факторов, которые оказывают влияние на процесс принятия решения о совершении право-нарушения. С этой целью в данной статье исследуется процесс принятия решений в ситуациях, связанных с высокой степенью риска агрессии, и обращается особое внимание на аспекты обработки социальной информации и показатели эмоционального состояния. В статье рассматриваются данные о 236 недавно приговоренных к тюремному заключению преступниках, включая их персональные данные и сообщения о случаях насилия и избегания насилия (n = 466). Научная новизна: в статье впервые обосновано, что ряд аспектов ситуационной обработки социальной информации и ряд показателей эмоционального состояния (такие как интерпретация намерений, постановка цели и выработка реакции) являются значимыми прогностическими факторами повышения агрессии, а следовательно, повышения вероятности совершения правонарушения. Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной и правопри-менительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с выявлением и устранением причин и условий, способствующих совершению правонарушений, а также оказанием воспитательного воздействия на лиц в целях недопущения совершения правонарушений или антиобщественного поведения.Ключевые слова: процесс принятия решений; эмоции; ситуация; теория обработки социальной информации; теория; насильственные преступления; правонарушение * Впервые статья опубликована в Western Criminology Review. Статья находится в открытом доступе в соответствии с Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), предусматривающем некоммерче-ское использование, распространение и воспроизводство на любом носителе при условии упоминания оригинала статьи. Для коммерческого использования обратитесь в редакцию журнала Western Criminology Review: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.Цитирование оригинала статьи на английском языке:

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The Situational Dynamics of Street Crime

Bernhardt

Topalli

2016

The Wiley Handbook on the Psychology of Violence

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Drug Dealers, Robbery and Retaliation. Vulnerability, Deterrence and the Contagion of Violence

Cited by 188 publications

References 13 publications

"Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-Methods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime

"Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-Methods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime

An empirical test of social information processing theory and emotions in violent situations

The Situational Dynamics of Street Crime

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