Droughts in Bern and Rouen from the 14th to the beginning  of the 18th century derived from documentary evidence

Camenisch, Chantal; Salvisberg, Melanie

doi:10.5194/cp-16-2173-2020

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Brázdil and Kotyza, 1995Brázdil et al, 2013a; spanning periods from 1000 to 1830 CE), Rüdiger Glaser (e.g. Glaser, 2001;Glaser and Riemann, 2009;1000, Astrid Ogilvie and Graham Farmer (1997;1200-1439, Gabriela Schwarz-Zanetti (1998; 1000-1524 CE), Lajos Rácz (1999; 16th century onwards), the Dutch working group around Aryan Van Engelen (Van Engelen et al, 2001;Shabalova and van Engelen, 2003), Maria-João Alcoforado et al (2000;1675-1715, Elena Xoplaki et al (2001;1675-1715and 1780-1830, Anita Bokwa et al (2001; 16th and 17th centuries), Petr Dobrovolný et al (2009), Dario Camuffo et al (2010;1500CE), Maria Fernández-Fernández et al (20141750-1840, Laurent Litzenburger (2015;1400-1530CE), and Chantal Camenisch (2015a15th century). The basis of these reconstructions is mainly narrative evidence from multiple sources, or in the case of Kotyza (1995, 2000) and Fernández-Fernández et al (2014), a single narrative source.…”

Section: Temperature Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of these studies (e.g. Pfister, 1984Pfister, , 1992Brázdil and Kotyza, 1995;Glaser et al, 1999;Pfister, 1999;Rácz, 1999;Brázdil and Kotyza, 2000;Glaser, 2001;Van Engelen et al, 2001;Shabalova and van Engelen, 2003;Dobrovolný et al, 2009;Glaser and Riemann, 2009;Camuffo et al, 2010) include an overlap with available instrumental data.…”

Section: Temperature Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these situations, researchers should (i) choose an appropriate temporal resolution (i.e. seasonal or annual) based on the number and quality of available records, and (ii) develop specific seasonal-or annual-level criteria -see, for example, the temperature and precipitation reconstructions for Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands generated by Camenisch (2015a) or the Mediterranean temperature series by Camuffo et al (2010). The methods used for calibration and verification are outlined in the following section.…”

Section: Monthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: a global state of the art

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Narrative evidence contained within historical documents and inscriptions provides an important record of climate variability for periods prior to the onset of systematic meteorological data collection. A common approach used by historical climatologists to convert such qualitative information into continuous quantitative proxy data is through the generation of ordinal-scale climate indices. There is, however, considerable variability in the types of phenomena reconstructed using an index approach and the practice of index development in different parts of the world. This review, written by members of the PAGES (Past Global Changes) CRIAS working group – a collective of climate historians and historical climatologists researching Climate Reconstructions and Impacts from the Archives of Societies – provides the first global synthesis of the use of the index approach in climate reconstruction. We begin by summarising the range of studies that have used indices for climate reconstruction across six continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia) as well as the world's oceans. We then outline the different methods by which indices are developed in each of these regions, including a discussion of the processes adopted to verify and calibrate index series, and the measures used to express confidence and uncertainty. We conclude with a series of recommendations to guide the development of future index-based climate reconstructions to maximise their effectiveness for use by climate modellers and in multiproxy climate reconstructions.

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Section: Temperature Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: a global state of the art

et al. 2021

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“…The established indexing methodology was adapted mainly in regard to the temporal scale, as we chose a semiannual approach ("growing season" vs. "non-growing season") that corresponds to the structure of medieval documentary records based on agricultural cycles. Derived from these well-established climate indices (see Supplement 1), we closely followed Camenisch and Salvisberg (2020) and created seasonal drought indices from the aforementioned narrative sources over the longer period (1200-1400) for all three regions (IT, FR, CE) (see Supplement 1). As the sources and climate historical repositories focus on extreme events, we gave values of −3 (extremely dry) and −2 (very dry) if we had actual indicators of agricultural and meteorological drought (Brázdil et al, 2019, p. 75) or a lack of precipitation over 2 months.…”

Section: Reconstruction From Narrative Sources and The Creation Of CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prequel to the Dantean Anomaly: the precipitation seesaw and droughts of 1302 to 1307 in Europe

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The cold/wet anomaly of the 1310s (“Dantean Anomaly”) has attracted a lot of attention from scholars, as it is commonly interpreted as a signal of the transition between the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). The huge variability that can be observed during this decade, like the high interannual variability observed in the 1340s, has been highlighted as a side effect of this rapid climatic transition. In this paper, we demonstrate that a multi-seasonal drought of almost 2 years occurred in the Mediterranean between 1302 and 1304, followed by a series of hot, dry summers north of the Alps from 1304 to 1306. We suggest that this outstanding dry anomaly, unique in the 13th and 14th centuries, together with cold anomalies of the 1310s and the 1340s, is part of the climatic shift from the MCA to the LIA. Our reconstruction of the predominant weather patterns of the first decade of the 14th century – based on both documentary and proxy data – identifies multiple European precipitation seesaw events between 1302 and 1307, with similarities to the seesaw conditions which prevailed over continental Europe in 2018. It can be debated to what extent the 1302–1307 period can be compared to what is currently discussed regarding the influence of the phenomenon of Arctic amplification on the increasing frequency of persistent stable weather patterns that have occurred since the late 1980s. Additionally, this paper deals with socioeconomic and cultural responses to drought risks in the Middle Ages as outlined in contemporary sources and provides evidence that there is a significant correlation between pronounced dry seasons and fires that devastated cities.

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“…al., /2019Brázdil et. al., /2020Camenisch et. al., 2020;Garnier , 2019;Kiss, 2017Kiss, /2020Leijonhufvud and Retsö, 2021;Piervitali and Colacino, 2001;Pribyl and Cornes, 2020;Stangl and Foelsche, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Documentary evidence of urban droughts and their impact in the eastern Netherlands: the cases of Deventer and Zutphen, 1500–1795

Moerman

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Compared to other parts of Europe, very little is known about pre-instrumental drought periods in the Netherlands. Existing reconstructions are based primarily on data from England, France, and Germany, while more precise, local studies on drought and its impact are still absent. This article thus aims to further our knowledge of droughts in the Netherlands between 1500 and 1795, by focusing specifically on drought in an urban context to provide a more precise and local idea of the impact and severity of drought. The main case studies are cities in the eastern part of the country, Deventer and Zutphen. Both cities lay in relative close proximity to each other and share similar geological and hydrological conditions, as well as extensive archives that can be used to gather documentary data regarding historical drought periods. The three primary aims of the article are: 1) to examine the potential use of documentary data from the city archives of Deventer and Zutphen for historical drought reconstruction; 2) to establish droughts for both cities on the basis of the year, month/season in which they took place, as well as ranking the droughts according to the impact-based Historical Severity Drought Scale (HSDS) and 3) to compare the data from this analysis with that of other indices. In the end, the article strengthens the need to focus on documentary data from local case studies regarding drought, not only to provide more precise local reconstructions of drought-severity compared to regional studies, but also to take into account the long-term effects on urban waterscapes and the provisioning of fresh water.

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Droughts in Bern and Rouen from the 14th to the beginning of the 18th century derived from documentary evidence

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: a global state of the art

Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: a global state of the art

A prequel to the Dantean Anomaly: the precipitation seesaw and droughts of 1302 to 1307 in Europe

Documentary evidence of urban droughts and their impact in the eastern Netherlands: the cases of Deventer and Zutphen, 1500–1795

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