Droop Control of Distributed Electric Springs for Stabilizing Future Power Grid

Lee, Chi Kwan; Chaudhuri, Nilanjan Ray; Chaudhuri, Balarko; Hui, S. Y. Ron

doi:10.1109/tsg.2013.2258949

Cited by 111 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The device can facilitate non-critical loads to provide grid services in respect of voltage and frequency. The general performance of the ES has been demonstrated in [17,18]. The results verified the capability and flexibility of the ES in supporting the voltage of a bus where critical ''load'' is allocated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Zheng

Zhang

Hill

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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Recent advances in a power electronic device called an electric spring (ES) provide feasible solutions to meeting critical customers' requirements for voltage quality. A new version of the ES was introduced based on a back-to-back converter (ESBC) configuration which extends the operating range and improves the voltage suppression performance to facilitate ultra-high renewable penetration. This paper proposes an efficient control method to facilitate the voltage regulation function of an ESBC with non-critical loads. Particularly, the proposed method is suitable for various load characteristics. We also develop a consensus algorithm to coordinate multiple ESs for maintaining critical bus voltage in distribution systems with ultra-high renewable penetration. The proposed operation of the ESBC is verified by simulation of a modified IEEE 15-bus distribution network. The results show that the ESBC can effectively regulate system voltage and is superior to the original version of the ES.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Zheng

Zhang

Hill

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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“…Active power-frequency (P/f) droop, which mimics the governor of a synchronous generator by adding a virtual inertia to a DG [25], is widely used in parallel inverters to instantaneously balance generation with demand [26][27][28][29]. Generally, the P/f droop curves can be defined as (1) [5] …”

Section: Droop Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent‐based distributed and economic automatic generation control for droop‐controlled AC microgrids

Zang

Zeng

et al. 2016

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Microgrids (MGs) are presented as a cornerstone of smart grid, which can integrate renewable energy sources environmentally, friendly, and reliably. Hierarchical control strategies, i.e. primary droop control, second automatic generation control (AGC), and tertiary economic dispatch (ED), are widely used to control and optimise an MG. However, the gap between large time-scale ED and small time-scale AGC may decrease the economical efficiency of an MG. To address this problem, this study proposes a distributed economic AGC (EAGC) algorithm. The algorithm is fully distributed, as each distributed generator is assigned with an agent and the agents only require the local measurements and communication with its neighbours. Compared with centralised algorithms, the distributed control algorithm is easy to fulfil the plug-and-play requirements and reduces costs to modify the architecture of an MG. Furthermore, the proposed EAGC algorithm is suitable for all possible operation modes of an MG, i.e. islanded mode, grid-connected mode, and transition mode. To improve the robustness against agent loss or communication link fault, the topology of agents' communication network is designed to satisfy the N − 1 rule. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through the simulation tests which involve plenty of case studies.

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“…In islanded MGs, the active power-frequency ( vs. P f ) droop controller is widely used to instantaneously balance generation with demand [17][18][19][20]. The droop controller can add virtual inertia to the DGs [21] by mimicking the governor of a synchronous generator and thus inhibiting the circulating currents among DGs.…”

Section: Optimal Automatic Generation Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully distributed optimal automatic generation control for an islanded microgrids

Zang

Zeng

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)

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Abstract-Microgrids (MGs) have been receiving more and more attention, as it can environmentally and reliably integrate intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). Conventionally, an islanded MG is controlled and optimized in a hierarchical strategy, i.e., primary droop control, second automatic generation control (AGC), and tertiary economic dispatch (ED). ED has large time-scale while AGC has small time-scale. Thus the gap between ED and AGC may decrease the economic efficiency of a MG. In this paper, a distributed optimal automatic generation control (OAGC) algorithm is proposed to integrate the gap between ED and AGC, i.e., the MG can realize AGC and ED at the same time. In order to implement the OAGC algorithm, each DG is assigned with an agent and the agents only require the local measurements and communicate with its neighbors. The proposed OAGC algorithm is fully distributed, which involves low costs related to modify the architecture of a MG and robust against single point failure. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Index Terms--distributed algorithm, droop control, Microgrid, multi-agent system (MAS), optimal automatic generation control (OAGC).

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Droop Control of Distributed Electric Springs for Stabilizing Future Power Grid

Cited by 111 publications

References 23 publications

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Agent‐based distributed and economic automatic generation control for droop‐controlled AC microgrids

Fully distributed optimal automatic generation control for an islanded microgrids

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