By 2030, the global population will be 8.5 billion, placing pressure on international poultry production, of which China is a key producer. From April 2017, China will implement the withdrawal of colistin as a growth promoter, removing over 8,000 tonnes per year from the Chinese farming sector. To understand the impact of banning colistin and the epidemiology of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (using bla and mcr-1 as marker genes), we sampled poultry, dogs, sewage, wild birds and flies. Here, we show that mcr-1, but not bla, is prevalent in hatcheries, but bla quickly contaminates flocks through dogs, flies and wild birds. We also screened samples directly for resistance genes to understand the true breadth and depth of the environmental and animal resistome. Direct sample testing for bla and mcr-1 in hatcheries, commercial farms, a slaughterhouse and supermarkets revealed considerably higher levels of positive samples than the bla- and mcr-1-positive E. coli, indicating a substantial segment of unseen resistome-a phenomenon we have termed the 'phantom resistome'. Whole-genome sequencing identified common bla-positive E. coli shared among farms, flies, dogs and farmers, providing direct evidence of carbapenem-resistant E. coli transmission and environmental contamination.

Along with the increasing penetration of renewable energy, distribution system power flow may be significantly altered in terms of direction and magnitude. This will make delivering reliable power, on demand, a major challenge. In this paper, a novel battery energy storage system (BESS) based energy acquisition model is proposed for the operation of distribution companies (DISCOs) in regulating price or locational marginal price (LMP) mechanisms, while considering energy provision options within DISCO controlled areas. Based on this new model, a new battery operation strategy is proposed for better utilization of energy storage system (ESS) and mitigation operational risk from price volatility. Meanwhile, optimal sizing and siting decisions for BESS is obtained through a cost-benefit analysis method, which aims at maximizing the DISCO's profit from energy transactions, system planning and operation cost savings. The proposed energy acquisition model and ESS control strategy are verified on a modified IEEE 15-bus distribution network, and risk mitigation is also quantified in two different markets. The promising results show that the capacity requirement for ESS can be reduced and the operational risk can also be mitigated.Index Terms-Control strategy, distribution system, electricity markets, energy storage system, renewable energy. NOMENCLATURESet of buses and lines. BGSusceptance and conductance and of the line.Total cost function of the battery.Discount rate (%/year).Specific day in a year.

This paper proposes a coordinated operational dispatch scheme for wind farm with battery energy storage system (BESS). The main advantages of the proposed dispatch scheme are that it can reduce the impacts of wind power forecast errors while prolonging the lifetime of BESS. The scheme starts from planning stage, where a BESS capacity determination method is proposed to compute the optimal power capacity and energy capacity of BESS based on historical wind power data; and then, at operation stage, a flexible short-term BESS-wind farm dispatch scheme is proposed based on the forecasted wind power generation scenarios. Three case studies are provided to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed scheme can largely improve the wind farm dispatchability. t BESS E Energy stored in BESS at time t (MWh);

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In this paper, cost based droop schemes are proposed, to minimize the total active power generation cost in an islanded microgrid (MG), while the simplicity and decentralized nature of the droop control are retained. In cost based droop schemes, the incremental costs of distributed generators (DGs) are embedded into the droop schemes, where the incremental cost is a derivative of the DG cost function with respect to output power. In the steady state, DGs share a single common frequency, and cost based droop schemes equate incremental costs of DGs, thus minimizing the total active power generation cost, in terms of the equal incremental cost principle. Finally, simulation results in an islanded MG with high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources are presented, to demonstrate the effectiveness, as well as plug and play capability of the cost based droop schemes.Index Terms-Microgrid (MG), incremental cost, generation cost, cost based droop schemes, decentralized control.

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