Driving Toward Accessibility: A Review of Technological Improvements for Electric Machines, Power Electronics, and Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Sarlioglu, Bulent; Morris, Casey T.; Han, Di; Li, Silong

doi:10.1109/mias.2016.2600739

Cited by 133 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…FBG reflected wavelength changes were monitored at 3 different speeds for both positions: 50 rpm, 500 rpm and 1800 rpm. These were chosen to ascertain the sensing performance potential of interest for low speed applications such as wind turbine generators, or in variable speed applications such as electric vehicle propulsion motors [20], [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of FBG based Magnetic Field Sensor Response Sensitivity to Excitation Orientation for Rotating Electric Machine Applications

Melecio

Mohammed

Djurović

2019

2019 8th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)

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This paper reports an experimental study aimed at characterising the response of an in-situ fibre optic fibre Bragg grating / magnetostrictive flux sensor when exposed to excitation in orientations aligned with and perpendicular to its optimal performance axes. The study is aimed at improving the understanding of the potential for non-invasive in-situ application of this sensing technology in devices with confined geometries which impose restrictions on possible magnetic excitation axis alignment with that of the sensor, such as those encountered in rotating electric machinery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of FBG based Magnetic Field Sensor Response Sensitivity to Excitation Orientation for Rotating Electric Machine Applications

Melecio

Mohammed

Djurović

2019

2019 8th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)

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“…In the last 20 years, IMs have been the most popular EM type for EVs, because of their low cost, high reliability, and mature manufacturing and control techniques [14], [15]. However, PM synchronous machines tend to have higher torque density and efficiency than IMs, and thus are becoming increasingly attractive for EVs [14], [16]. In particular, interior PM (IPM) motors for passenger car applications have higher overload capability and efficiency than IMs and surfacemounted PM (SPM) machines [15], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Approaches and Control Strategies for Energy-Efficient Electric Machines for Electric Vehicles—A Review

et al. 2020

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The market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is going to significantly increase in the next years and decades. However, EVs still present significant practical limitations in terms of mileage. Hence, the automotive industry is making important research efforts towards the progressive increase of battery energy density, reduction of battery charging time, and enhancement of electric powertrain efficiency. The electric machine is the main power loss contributor of an electric powertrain. This literature survey reviews the design and control methods to improve the energy efficiency of electric machines for EVs. The motor design requirements and specifications are described in terms of power density, efficiency along driving cycles, and cost, according to the targets set by the roadmaps of the main governmental agencies. The review discusses the stator and rotor design parameters, winding configurations, novel materials, construction technologies as well as control methods that are most influential on the power loss characteristics of typical traction machines. Moreover, the paper covers: i) driving cycle based design methods of traction motors, for energy consumption reduction in real operating conditions; and ii) novel machine topologies providing potential efficiency benefits. INDEX TERMS Electric machine, electric vehicle, efficiency, power loss, design parameters, control methods, driving cycle.

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“…In particular, The introduction of novel converter topologies is a common approach in non-isolated photovoltaic systems, and a number of single-phase (Table 1) and three-phase topologies have been proposed for CMV reduction in such applications [32][33][34][35][36][37]. As two-level three-phase technologies are dominant in EV propulsion systems [38], single-phase photovoltaic topologies cannot be directly used for vehicle propulsion systems. However, their underlying concepts can be used to propose equivalent two-level three-phase alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Common Mode Voltage Issues in Electric Vehicle Drive Systems by Means of an Alternative AC-Decoupling Power Converter Topology

et al. 2019

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Electric vehicles (EV) are gaining popularity due to current environmental concerns. The electric drive, which is constituted by a power converter and an electric machine, is one of the main elements of the EV. Such machines suffer from common mode voltage (CMV) effects. The CMV introduces leakage currents through the bearings, leading to premature failures and reducing the propulsion system life cycles. As future EV power converters will rely on wide bandgap semiconductors with high switching frequency operation, CMV problems will become more prevalent, making the research on CMV mitigation strategies more relevant. A variety of CMV reduction methods can be found in the scientific literature, such as the inclusion of dedicated filters and the implementation of specific modulation techniques. However, alternative power converter topologies can also be introduced for CMV mitigation. The majority of such power converters for CMV mitigation are single-phase topologies intended for photovoltaic applications; thus, solutions in the form of three-phase topologies that could be applied to EVs are very limited. Considering all these, this paper proposes alternative three-phase topologies that could be exploited in EV applications. Their performance is compared with other existing proposals, providing a clear picture of the available alternatives, emphasizing their merits and drawbacks. From this comprehensive study, the benefits of a novel AC-decoupling topology is demonstrated. Moreover, an adequate modulation technique is also investigated in order to exploit the benefits of this topology while considering a trade-off between CMV mitigation, efficiency, and total harmonic distortion (THD). In order to extend the results of the study close to the real application, the performance of the proposed AC-decoupling topology is simulated using a complete and accurate EV model (including vehicle dynamics and a detailed propulsion system model) by means of state-of-the-art digital real-time simulation.Energies 2019, 12, 3349 2 of 27 the commutations of the power converter devices generate significant high-frequency CMV variations (Figure 1a). As a result, these voltage variations can produce not only high electromagnetic interferences (EMI) [6][7][8], but also shaft voltages (Figure 1b) in the electric machine [9][10][11], producing new capacitive paths [10]. These paths result in high-frequency leakage currents (Figure 1c) circulating through the motor bearings [12][13][14]. The most relevant capacitive paths are depicted in Figure 2, where the most significant bearing currents produced by CMV are the capacitive currents, electrostatic discharge currents, circulating currents, and rotor ground currents [9,13]. As bearings are critical components for the electric machine [10], a number of industrial companies are currently analyzing the degradation problems generated by such bearing currents [15][16][17].Regarding this issue, it is important to remark that although the majority of current industrial solutions rely on silicon-bas...

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Driving Toward Accessibility: A Review of Technological Improvements for Electric Machines, Power Electronics, and Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Cited by 133 publications

References 13 publications

Characterisation of FBG based Magnetic Field Sensor Response Sensitivity to Excitation Orientation for Rotating Electric Machine Applications

Characterisation of FBG based Magnetic Field Sensor Response Sensitivity to Excitation Orientation for Rotating Electric Machine Applications

Design Approaches and Control Strategies for Energy-Efficient Electric Machines for Electric Vehicles—A Review

Mitigation of Common Mode Voltage Issues in Electric Vehicle Drive Systems by Means of an Alternative AC-Decoupling Power Converter Topology

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