Design Approaches and Control Strategies for Energy-Efficient Electric Machines for Electric Vehicles—A Review

Shao, Lingyun; Karci, Ahu Ece Hartavi; Tavernini, Davide; Sorniotti, Aldo; Cheng, Ming

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2993235

Cited by 72 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This indicated that the global fuel economy improvement would very likely lag behind the GFEI target of halving new vehicle fuel economy by 2030. On the other hand, the global production and purchase of hybrid/electric vehicles are still limited due to a lack of charging infrastructure [55] and insufficient mileage [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between On-Road FFCO2 Emissions and Socio-Economic/Urban Form Factors for Global Cities: Significance, Robustness and Implications

Song

Gurney

2020

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transportation accounts for 18% of global fossil fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) emissions, especially in urban areas. An improved understanding of on-road FFCO2 emissions is essential to both carbon science and mitigation policy. Previous studies have identified the driving factors and quantified their relationship to on-road FFCO2 emissions. However, they have been primarily based on case studies conducted in individual cities, and the research results remain inconclusive due to the considerable heterogeneity of cities and associated outcomes. In order to achieve more general results and to further understand their uncertainties, this study explored the relationships between socio-economic/urban form data and self-reported on-road FFCO2 emissions for a sample of global cities based on the adjusted Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model. The robustness and sensitivity of these relationships was evaluated by introducing artificial errors, conducting cross-validation, and examining various model specifications. Results indicated that fuel economy (p-value < 3.1 × 10−8), vehicle ownership (p-value < 3.0 × 10−4), road density (p-value < 4.4 × 10−3) and population density (p-value < 3.1 × 10−3) were statistically significant factors that correlate with on-road FFCO2 emissions. Of these four variables, fuel economy and vehicle ownership had the most robust relationships. These results offer potential policy insights into on-road FFCO2 emissions mitigation in cities, in addition to offering a means to generate emissions estimates without detailed bottom-up information.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between On-Road FFCO2 Emissions and Socio-Economic/Urban Form Factors for Global Cities: Significance, Robustness and Implications

Song

Gurney

2020

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different motor types for vehicular applications have been introduced over the past few years. According to research conducted in [17][18][19], state-of-the-art EVs are equipped with Induction Motors (IMs) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs). In addition, Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) have gained interest for traction applications [20][21][22].…”

Section: Electric Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

On the Investigation of Energy Efficient Torque Distribution Strategies through a Comprehensive Powertrain Model

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.

show abstract

“…At the moment, most of the electric vehicles on the market such as Tesla, Mercedez-Benz EQC, Nissan Leaf and BMW i3 are equipped with single gear transmissions owing to the large speed range and low-speed high-torque characteristics of electric motors [1,2]. Some electric vehicles use two motors on the front axle and rear axle respectively to further improve the vehicle dynamic performance [3]. The multi-gear and multi-motor powertrains are widely researched in academia with the motivation of improving the electric vehicle energy economy and dynamic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison on Energy Economy and Vibration Characteristics of Electric and Hydraulic in-Wheel Drive Vehicles

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper compares the energy economy and vertical vibration characteristics of in-wheel drive electric vehicles (IEVs), in-wheel drive electric hydraulic hybrid vehicles (IHVs) and centralized drive electric vehicles (CEVs). The dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is used to explore the optimal energy consumption of each vehicle. The energy economy analysis shows that the IEV consumes more energy than the CEV due to its relatively lower electric motor efficiency, even with fewer driveline components. The IHV consumes much more energy than the IEV and CEV because of the energy loss in the hydraulic driveline. The vertical vibration analysis demonstrates that both IEV and IHV degrade the vehicle driving comfort due to increased unsprung mass. Taking the advantage of high power density of the hydraulic motor, IHV have less unsprung mass when compared with the IEV, which helps to mitigate the vibration problems caused by increased unsprung mass.

show abstract

Design Approaches and Control Strategies for Energy-Efficient Electric Machines for Electric Vehicles—A Review

Cited by 72 publications

References 94 publications

The Relationship between On-Road FFCO2 Emissions and Socio-Economic/Urban Form Factors for Global Cities: Significance, Robustness and Implications

The Relationship between On-Road FFCO2 Emissions and Socio-Economic/Urban Form Factors for Global Cities: Significance, Robustness and Implications

On the Investigation of Energy Efficient Torque Distribution Strategies through a Comprehensive Powertrain Model

Comparison on Energy Economy and Vibration Characteristics of Electric and Hydraulic in-Wheel Drive Vehicles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About