Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages

Salgueiro, Laís; Cassemiro, Fernanda A. S.; Albert, James S.; Frederico, Renata G.; Hidalgo, Max; Hugueny, Bernard; Jézéquel, Céline; Ortega, Hernán; Tedesco, Pablo A.; Torrente‐Vilara, Gislene; Zuanon, Jansen; Oberdorff, Thierry; Dias, Murilo S.

doi:10.1111/jbi.14300

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Hydrogeographic events caused the isolation and mixing of preexisting aquatic faunas through a series of vicariance and dispersal events, resulting in a complex history of net diversification and dispersal among river basins. Western Amazonia differs from other regions in presenting exceptionally high species density and PE, acting as both a museum and a cradle of diversity ( 39 , 81 ) and representing an important source of species for other regions of the Neotropics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insights into their contributions can be gained only by studying diversity patterns at appropriate spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales ( 28 , 33 – 36 ). For instance, recent studies identified Western Amazonia as the center of Amazon fish diversity (high species richness, low phylogenetic diversity (PD), and high phylogenetic clustering, compared to Eastern Amazonia), with younger fish lineages dispersing progressively eastward across Amazonia after the formation of the modern transcontinental river c. 10 Ma ( 37 – 39 ). However, this interpretation did not consider the more ancient history of Neotropical fishes in the upland Brazilian and Guianas Shields, the formation of the modern lowland (< 250 m.a.s.l.)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna

Cassemiro

Albert

Antonelli

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Landscape dynamics are widely thought to govern the tempo and mode of continental radiations, yet the effects of river network rearrangements on dispersal and lineage diversification remain poorly understood. We integrated an unprecedented occurrence dataset of 4,967 species with a newly compiled, time-calibrated phylogeny of South American freshwater fishes—the most species-rich continental vertebrate fauna on Earth—to track the evolutionary processes associated with hydrogeographic events over 100 Ma. Net lineage diversification was heterogeneous through time, across space, and among clades. Five abrupt shifts in net diversification rates occurred during the Paleogene and Miocene (between 30 and 7 Ma) in association with major landscape evolution events. Net diversification accelerated from the Miocene to the Recent (c. 20 to 0 Ma), with Western Amazonia having the highest rates of in situ diversification, which led to it being an important source of species dispersing to other regions. All regional biotic interchanges were associated with documented hydrogeographic events and the formation of biogeographic corridors, including the Early Miocene (c. 23 to 16 Ma) uplift of the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira and the Late Miocene (c. 10 Ma) uplift of the Northern Andes and associated formation of the modern transcontinental Amazon River. The combination of high diversification rates and extensive biotic interchange associated with Western Amazonia yielded its extraordinary contemporary richness and phylogenetic endemism. Our results support the hypothesis that landscape dynamics, which shaped the history of drainage basin connections, strongly affected the assembly and diversification of basin-wide fish faunas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna

Cassemiro

Albert

Antonelli

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In the Amazon, the species-area ratio is greater than in the continental periphery, which translates into greater diversification and less extinction (Reis et al 2016). The west of the Amazon, in addition to being recognized as the center of origin, dispersion, and adaptation of the ichthyofauna (Fontenelle et al 2021;Salgueiro et al 2021), exhibits a decreasing diversity gradient that goes from west to east; the sub-basins are richer in the upstream portion (west) compared to the downstream portion (east) (Oberdoff et al 2019). This is also supported by studies of phylogenetic structure in Amazonian freshwater fishes, where there is a significant west-to-east gradient of phylogenetic diversity; this suggests deep evolutionary divergences between eastern taxa, and more diverse and recent radiations to the west (Salgueiro et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishes from the Colombian Amazonia region: species composition from the river systems within the rainforest biome

et al. 2022

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The Colombian Amazon region is part of the Neotropical rainforest (humid forest biome) covering an area of 483,163 km2 and includes tributaries of both the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The aquatic ecosystems found there include: rivers and alluvial plains originating in Andean headwaters, on eroded soils of tropical forests in the lowlands, and Guiana Shield formations, comprising a dense fluvial drainage network in the lowlands, with Paleogene/Neogene geological formations (terra firme streams in higher places that don’t usually flood) and Paleozoic (shield streams); and Andean and Guiana Shield streams above 200–250 m a.s.l. We present here an exhaustive compilation of published information, supported by fish collections, consisting of a list of 1104 species distributed in 375 genera, 53 families, and 16 orders. We include occurrence data of these species in each sub-basin. The presence/absence species matrix was analyzed using a dendrogram and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis to identify patterns of similarity between basins and sub-basins. We evaluated species composition between basins and among the different geological origins using PERMANOVA. The dendrogram shows co-occurrences of 404 species in the two basins. It also shows two clear groupings of the sub-basins of the Amazon (except Guainía-Negro drainages) and those of the Orinoco. Within the Amazon Basin, there are two nodes according to the geological origin: systems of Andean origin and those of the lowlands. The dendrogram results are consistent with the NMDS analysis, which shows a clear grouping according to the connectivity of the basins; the Guainía-Negro is included in the Amazon basin. Species distribution patterns were supported by the PERMANOVA, and differed significantly between basins (F = 4.3, R = 0.26, P = 0.003) and geological origin (F = 3.6, R = 0.23, P = 0.003). The number of species in this study represents almost a fifth of the ichthyofauna of the Neotropics and about a third of that of the Amazon River basin; clearly supporting Colombia’s status among the countries with the greatest diversity of freshwater fish species of the planet. We include here a significant number of new records (75 spp), provide a first approximation of the distribution patterns, and a framework for future biogeographical studies.

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“…For instance, in terrestrial habitats, plant‐herbivore interactions are more intense in the tropics than elsewhere (Freestone et al 2011). Further, historical predictors that influence surface area and distance from rivers determine species richness and phylogenetic diversity of freshwater fish in the Amazon River (Salgueiro et al 2022). In marine habitats, reef fish species richness varies with coral area (Luza et al 2022), energy availability (Parravicini et al 2013, Barneche et al 2016), and human impacts that concentrate close to reefs (Cinner et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of reef fish taxonomic and functional diversity in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Dubuc,

Quimbayo,

Alvarado

et al. 2023

Ecography

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A core challenge in ecology is identifying the factors that determine species distribution and functional diversity of species assemblages. Reef fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates, form taxonomically rich and functionally diverse communities and represent a key source of food for humans. We examine regional distribution patterns of reef fish species richness and functional diversity and investigate how these are determined by historical, biogeographic, energetic, and anthropogenic factors. We compiled data from 3,312 underwater visual censuses performed at 122 locations comprising rocky and coral reefs along the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMMs) implemented in a Bayesian framework to investigate whether distance from quaternary refugia, distance from mainland, shelf area, primary productivity, sea surface temperature (SST), human population gravity, and conservation status influence reef fish species richness and functional diversity in the ETP. Species richness and functional richness (FRic) peaked towards the center of the ETP and our null model suggests that FRic followed a spatial pattern that would be predicted by species richness. Additionally, functional evenness (FEve) was highest at higher latitudes whereas functional dispersion (FDis) was homogeneous throughout the ETP. Species richness was negatively influenced by shelf area and distance from mainland, but positively influenced by SST and conservation status. FEve was influenced by human population gravity and FDis by shelf area. Reef fish species richness and functional diversity in the ETP exhibited a strong division within the region mainly mediated by SST and human population gravity. Our results also suggest that dominant species within small shelf areas share more common traits than dominant species in large areas. This study uncovers previously unknown regional patterns of reef fish functional diversity and provides new insights into how historical, biogeographic, energetic, and anthropogenic factors influence complementary biodiversity facets.

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Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages

Cited by 3 publications

References 117 publications

Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna

Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna

Fishes from the Colombian Amazonia region: species composition from the river systems within the rainforest biome

Patterns of reef fish taxonomic and functional diversity in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

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