Drivers of conservation crimes in the Rungwa-Kizigo-Muhesi Game Reserves, Central Tanzania

Hariohay, Kwaslema Malle; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Fyumagwa, Robert D.; Kideghesho, Jafari R.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00522

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It describes (1) the people subject to enforcement (demographics, roles within IWT); (2) their offences and sentences, including broader social impacts of their imprisonment, and (3) the reasons behind their involvement in IWT (self‐reported motivations, knowledge of sanctions, perceptions of risk). It is, to our knowledge, the first large sample study with people jailed for IWT (although see Hariohay, Ranke, Fyumagwa, Kideghesho, & Røskaft, ). We believe that it is also the first large study interviewing people imprisoned for environmental crimes in a developing country (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation enforcement: Insights from people incarcerated for wildlife crimes in Nepal

Paudel¹,

Potter

Phelps

2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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There are long-standing debates about the effectiveness and social impacts of enforcement-based conservation, particularly as investments into enforcement increase in response to growing alarm about Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT). However, there is little data on the people subject to this enforcement, including prison sentences, species targeted, what motivates and deters them, and the social impacts of enforcement. This study identified 384 individuals across Nepal who were in prison for IWT offences in late 2016, and involved interviews (n = 116) focused on respondents' trade practices, economic circumstances and motivations. IWT prisoners represented 10-20% of the total prison populations in two regions and often received stiff sanctions, with a range of downstream impacts on respondents' families. Most respondents were arrested for their involvement in the rhinoceros trade (61%). Most were poor (56%) and from indigenous communities (75%), highlighting potentially inequitable impacts of enforcement. Despite common assumptions about the links between IWT, poverty and organized crime, most respondents were motivated by the desire to earn extra income and by the ease of IWT compared to other employment. IWT was neither a primary livelihood strategy, nor had the attributes for formal organized crime. Respondents, particularly poor respondents, seemed to underestimate the risks of detection and incompletely understood the scale of sanctions. Improved public awareness about the scale and social impacts of sanctions could help increase deterrence effects while reducing unintended social harms of enforcement. K E Y W O R D Sconservation criminology, deterrence, enforcement, wildlife trade

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation enforcement: Insights from people incarcerated for wildlife crimes in Nepal

Paudel¹,

Potter

Phelps

2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…Mitigating the impacts of elephants is hindered by poor living standards in developing countries, where people may still clear new fields by cutting trees in areas of former elephant habitat (Dublin & Hoare, 2004; Gubbi, 2012; Hariohay et al, 2019; Shaffer et al, 2019). Increased human population density results in increased contact between elephants and people, especially in areas adjacent to protected areas (Khumalo & Yung, 2015; Acharya et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–elephant interactions in areas surrounding the Rungwa, Kizigo, and Muhesi Game Reserves, central Tanzania

Hariohay

Munuo

2019

Oryx

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This study assesses the patterns of crop damage by elephants Loxodonta africana in areas adjacent to the Rungwa, Kizigo and Muhesi Game Reserves in Tanzania. We used a questionnaire survey to collect data from a total of 210 household heads from seven villages, with 30 household heads in each village, during June–August 2015. Proximity was a significant factor influencing losses, with crop farms within < 1 km from the reserves having higher losses, followed by those 1–5 km and > 5 km distant. Most households (81.0%) < 1 km from a reserve reported crop damage whereas those within 1–5 km (65.9%) and > 5 km (20.0%) reported less damage. Most of the losses (79.8%) occurred in the first half of the year (the wet season). Immigrants reported higher average losses to crops than Indigenous respondents. Noise making, flashlights, setting fire around fields and disturbance by shooting were the methods used to deter elephants from entering crop fields. We recommend that communities around these game reserves avoid areas that are < 1 km from the reserve boundary, plant crops such as chilli, use honeybee Apis mellifera fences to deter elephants from their crops, and receive education on available mitigation methods, to help minimize crop losses to elephants.

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“…Humphreys (2016) points out the fraudulent transfer pricing of criminal practices associated with logging. Hariohay et al (2019) warn on the situation in Tanzania where illegal logging bring a high risk of disappearance of many species of animals and plants due to habitat loss caused by environmental degradation and deforestation.…”

Section: Perceptions and Willingness To Buy Of Private Companies Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Procurement through Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification in the Private Sector. Perceptions and Willingness to Buy of Private Companies from Romania

Petrescu¹,

Bran²,

Rădulescu³

et al. 2020

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Companies can contribute to the achievement of the sustainability goals through their procurement function when they opt for green procurement. In the current paper, the authors focused on the procurement of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified products. Having known that attitudes contribute to the definition of the individual's behavioral model and, thus, of her/his "green" choices, the aim of the paper was to investigated attitudes related to the procurement of FSC certified products by people in charge of private company acquisitions. Research results were based on a survey, with a sample of 214 private companies from Romania. Results of binary logistic regression analysis indicate that companies that perceive a positive impact of FSC products on forest protection and on company image are more likely to replace conventional wood products with FSC ones when they have a similar price. When FSC products are more expensive than the conventional ones, companies will be more likely to buy them when economic benefits are present, too. From a practical perspective, the findings bring to the forefront the fact that companies can be stimulated to select FSC products at similar price over conventional ones by highlighting the contribution of the former to forest protection and the image benefits that they can bring.

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Drivers of conservation crimes in the Rungwa-Kizigo-Muhesi Game Reserves, Central Tanzania

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Conservation enforcement: Insights from people incarcerated for wildlife crimes in Nepal

Conservation enforcement: Insights from people incarcerated for wildlife crimes in Nepal

Human–elephant interactions in areas surrounding the Rungwa, Kizigo, and Muhesi Game Reserves, central Tanzania

Green Procurement through Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification in the Private Sector. Perceptions and Willingness to Buy of Private Companies from Romania

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