“…Our study suggests that interpretations of spatial distribution maps of NBIm with each nutrient DRIS index may be effective to indicate the areas where the nutrient application will get potential positive or no responses for cowpea cultivation. These findings are consistent with Ribeiro et al 25 who revealed that in the spatial variability of nutrient indexes, it is possible to see very restricted points of deficiency and excess in the sampling area of plant tissue. However, in this single interpretation of spatial variability of the nutrient index, it is important to highlight that the regions with suitable nutritional status show values of nutrient index near zero 12 , 13 , 25 , 48 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The integration of geostatistical tools into DRIS will enable to assess the continuous spatial variability of nutrient status. Ribeiro et al 25 observed that spatial variability of the DRIS Index efficiently indicated the points at which fittings in the fertilization doses are required. In addition, da Silva et al 11 reported that the use of a geostatistics tool resulted in a better understanding of the relationship between nutritional and non-nutritional variables on the Conilon coffee yield.…”
Cowpea is one of the widely cultivated and consumed grain legumes in Africa, but its production is hampered by soil fertility degradation on farms. Here, we assessed the spatial nutritional diagnosis of cowpea and the variability of their productivity using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and geostatistics tool. We achieved a sampling of 200 geo-referred points in cowpea farms in four communes of Benin. In addition, we determined grain yield and the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn in the leaves. From DRIS, the order of nutrient deficiency was as follows: P > K > Ca > Zn > N > Mg; P > K > Ca > N > Zn > Mg; N > Mg > Zn > K > P > Ca; P > Ca > K > N > Mg > Zn, at Dassa-Zoume, Glazoue, Ketou, and Ouesse, respectively. Sampling points were close enough to detect the spatial variability of the DRIS Index, mean of nutrient balance index (NBIm), and cowpea productivity (spatial dependence index ˃ 50%). The combined analysis of the cowpea relative yield and NBIm maps showed that the NBIm map effectively indicated the spatial distribution of cowpea productivity. The spatial variability of the DRIS index has provided an accurate guide to where adjustments to fertilization rates are needed.
“…Our study suggests that interpretations of spatial distribution maps of NBIm with each nutrient DRIS index may be effective to indicate the areas where the nutrient application will get potential positive or no responses for cowpea cultivation. These findings are consistent with Ribeiro et al 25 who revealed that in the spatial variability of nutrient indexes, it is possible to see very restricted points of deficiency and excess in the sampling area of plant tissue. However, in this single interpretation of spatial variability of the nutrient index, it is important to highlight that the regions with suitable nutritional status show values of nutrient index near zero 12 , 13 , 25 , 48 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The integration of geostatistical tools into DRIS will enable to assess the continuous spatial variability of nutrient status. Ribeiro et al 25 observed that spatial variability of the DRIS Index efficiently indicated the points at which fittings in the fertilization doses are required. In addition, da Silva et al 11 reported that the use of a geostatistics tool resulted in a better understanding of the relationship between nutritional and non-nutritional variables on the Conilon coffee yield.…”
Cowpea is one of the widely cultivated and consumed grain legumes in Africa, but its production is hampered by soil fertility degradation on farms. Here, we assessed the spatial nutritional diagnosis of cowpea and the variability of their productivity using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and geostatistics tool. We achieved a sampling of 200 geo-referred points in cowpea farms in four communes of Benin. In addition, we determined grain yield and the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn in the leaves. From DRIS, the order of nutrient deficiency was as follows: P > K > Ca > Zn > N > Mg; P > K > Ca > N > Zn > Mg; N > Mg > Zn > K > P > Ca; P > Ca > K > N > Mg > Zn, at Dassa-Zoume, Glazoue, Ketou, and Ouesse, respectively. Sampling points were close enough to detect the spatial variability of the DRIS Index, mean of nutrient balance index (NBIm), and cowpea productivity (spatial dependence index ˃ 50%). The combined analysis of the cowpea relative yield and NBIm maps showed that the NBIm map effectively indicated the spatial distribution of cowpea productivity. The spatial variability of the DRIS index has provided an accurate guide to where adjustments to fertilization rates are needed.
“…The combination of GIS with DRIS provides a better understanding of the interrelation of nutritional and non-nutritional variables on crop yield. In Brazil, these tools have identified the relationship of the incidence of rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and CBB (Hypothenemus hampei) with the NBI in terms of yield for Conilon coffee (Da Silva et al, 2020), along with the zoning of areas with a nutritional imbalance and low yield in adult Açaí palm plants (Oliveira et al, 2020). Meanwhile, in Colombia, the spatial distribution of NBI in the soil and leaf tissue of plants has led to the validation of Critical Levels and Sufficiency Ranges in oil palm (Herrera, 2015).…”
El equilibrio de nutrientes determina el rendimiento y calidad de los cultivos. El Sistema Integrado de Diagnóstico y Recomendación-DRIS propone un análisis holístico sobre la base de la interrelación entre nutrientes, compara las proporciones de los elementos minerales de los cultivos con valores óptimos conocidos como normas DRIS e identifica desequilibrios, deficiencias y/o excesos en los nutrientes de la planta para clasificarlos por orden de importancia. Existen trabajos de revisión científica orientados al desarrollo de propuestas metodológicas para obtención de las normas DRIS en diversos cultivos y el cálculo de sus respectivos índices, pero, estos no dilucidan las funcionalidades reales de este sistema de diagnóstico; por lo tanto, la siguiente revisión tiene como objetivo, dar a conocer las aplicaciones y utilidades del DRIS en la agricultura a nivel mundial desarrolladas durante los últimos 10 años. Considerando lo anteriormente expuesto los estudios científicos sugieren: balance de nutrientes en tejido foliar y suelo, dinámica de elementos minerales según etapa fenológica, niveles críticos y rangos de suficiencia, relación suelo-planta, balance nutricional por uso de fertilizantes y abonos verdes, variabilidad espacial y DRIS, translocación de metales pesados, nutrición e incidencia de problemas fitosanitarios, fitotoxicidad en plantas irrigadas con aguas residuales de riego agrícola, Rangos de Suficiencia en tejido foliar bajo condiciones salinas, análisis de savia y normas DRIS en semillas. El DRIS es una herramienta para el diagnóstico nutricional, susceptible de validación en los sistemas agrícolas a nivel mundial.
“…and comparing them with a reference population, aiming to classify the nutrients, regarding the order of limitation to plant growth (Ribeiro et al, 2020). It starts from the premise that the dual relationships between nutrients are more constant compared to their concentration in the plant.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Orange tree (Dias et al, 2017), Eucalyptus cuttings (Morais et al, 2019), sugarcane (Calheiros et al, 2018;Silva et al, 2020) soybean and cotton (Kurihara et al, 2015) oil palm (Matos et al, 2018), acai palm (Ribeiro et al, 2020), 'Thompson' atemoya Rozane, 2017), mango (Pinto et al, 2010), coffee (Wadt, 2005) and Eucalyptus ssp. (Silva et al, 2005;Wadt, 2004).…”
Background
The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) gave valuable indices of the nutritional status of Eucalyptus amended with sewage sludge (SS).
Aims
Our objective was to establish a DRIS norms and analytical method for Eucalyptus under SS application, by verifying in particular, the influence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on the nutritional and plant development.
Method
Data on mean annual increment, nutrient, and PTE concentration were obtained in an experiment at 22, 44, 54, and 76 months after planting Eucalyptus amended with SS.
Results
Our results indicated that DRIS can give valuable data on the nutritional balance indices, in which it was possible to verify that Ba was the most limiting element due to its excess present both in the low and high yielding subpopulations, ranging from 10 to 40% of the populations with excess of Ba. The nutritional diagnosis in agreement with the DRIS model ranged from 60 to 98% among the populations. When modeling the DRIS functions with inclusion of PTEs, a consistent evaluation of the Eucalyptus nutritional status was observed, which generated more reliable indices that were able to rank the limiting elements for the Eucalyptus productivity.
Conclusion
The new approach proved to be an effective tool for interpreting DRIS indices, by presenting reliable data when PTEs are included. Thus, the inclusion of PTEs in DRIS functions can provide valuable information, by determining which element can cause more damage to the plants. The need for specific norms for each region, plant age and sludge management are highlighted.
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