A pesar da relevância socioeconomica da palma de óleo (Elaeis guineenses, Jacq) para a região norte do país, ainda são escassas as informações de adubação da cultura. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação com nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K) e magnésio (Mg) na produção e estado nutricional de plantas de palma de óleo de diferentes idades. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 3 x 2, sendo três níveis de P, três de K, três Mg e dois níveis de N em parcelas subdivididas. Foi efetuada adubação na área experimental, com 300 kg ha-1 de fosfino parcialmente acidulado e uma aplicação de 42,9 kg ha-1 de. As fontes de N, P, K e Mg utilizadas foram, respectivamente, uréia, fosfino, cloreto de potássio e sulfato de magnésio. Constatou-se que a adubação nitrogenada tende a proporcionar respostas em produção imediatas nas plantas jovens (5 a 6 anos). Para a adubação fosfatada, houve maior influência na produção nos três últimos anos, notadamente a partir dos quatros anos de idade das plantas. Houve influência da adubação magnesiana logo nos primeiros anos de produção da palma de óleo, apresentando crescimento linear positivo nas plantas com idade acima de seis anos. Quanto aos teores foliares, em função das aplicações de N, P, K e Mg, foi observado que mesmo na ausência da adubação nitrogenada o teor de N mostrou-se dentro da faixa adequada (24 a 30g kg-1). A adubação fosfatada e magnsesiana não influenciaram os teores foliares de N. Com o aumento das doses de fosfino ocorreu melhoria significativa na nutrição da palma de óleo, sendo que a adubação nitrogenada não alterou os teores foliares de P. O teor foliar de K nas plantas que receberam adubação nitrogenada apresentou declínio significativo a partir do envelhecimento das plantas. As adubações nitrogenada e fosfatada favoreceram o teor foliar de N em plantas jovens. A adubação potássica (1,5 kg planta-1) otimizou o teor foliar de P nas plantas mais velhas. O teor foliar de Mg em plantas de seis anos encontra-se correlacionado com aplicação de Mg, N e P. Plantas jovens (dois e quatro anos) apresentaram teor foliar de Ca com forte correlação com a aplicação de cloreto de potássio. A adubação fosfatada elevou o teor foliar de Cl e a adubação com cloreto de potássio diminuiu os teores foliares de B.
RESUMO: O milheto é uma forrageira com alto potencial produtivo, principalmente devido a sua alta tolerância ao déficit hídrico e adaptação a solos de baixa fertilidade. Mesmo sendo adaptada a solos de baixa fertilidade é responsiva à adubação nitrogenada. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o crescimento e a eficiência nutricional de cultivares de milheto forrageiro em função de doses de nitrogênio (N). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em um Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico típico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, arranjado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com seis repetições. Os fatores constituíram-se de tratamento controle (sem adubação com N) e três doses de N (75, 150 e 225 kg ha-1) na forma de uréia e sulfato de amônio e duas cultivares de milheto (BN2 e ADR500). E a colheita realizada 80 dias após a emergência. A maior produção de matéria seca da parte aérea foi obtida com a dose estimada de 179 kg ha-1 de N. A cultivar ADR500 apresentou maior altura e maior eficiência de translocação, enquanto a BN2 apresentou maior teor de N da parte aérea e de raízes. A maior eficiência de utilização e translocação de N foram alcançadas com as doses estimadas de 109 e 133 ha-1 de N para as cultivares ADR500 e BN2, respectivamente.
The results of research with smell pepper cultivation are still incomplete and preliminary, especially regarding organic fertilizing and nutritional status. The aims of study were to evaluate the effect of rates of organic fertilizer produced from family agriculture waste on growth and nutritional status of smell pepper. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, in Belém city, State of Pará, in period from January to April 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replications, in which each experimental plot being made of a vase with a volume of 3.6 dm3 of soil and a smell pepper seedling. Five rates of organic fertilizer (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were tested out of the total volume of substrate. The organic fertilizer were formed by mixing chicken manure (10%), duck manure (20%), cassava peel (15%), cassava leaf (15%), bean straw (15%), rice husk (15%), and corn cob (10%). The different amounts of organic fertilizer were mixed in volumetric proportions of substrate of Yellow Latosol, sandy texture, taken from the surface layer (0-20 cm). It was founded that at 103 days, the best results were achieved with a rate of 60% of the organic fertilizer. The content and accumulation of micronutrients in leaf tissue of smell pepper plants followed this descending order: Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu, and Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu, respectively. In fruits, the content, accumulation, and extraction of micronutrients followed this order: Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu.
The use of cover crops has become a common practice in oil palm plantations, ensuring greater sustainability to agroecosystems, increasing nutrient cycling and providing greater savings in the use of mineral fertilizers. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) in tropical kudzu plants (Pueraria phaseoloides L.) in oil palm plantations. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Tailândia, Pará State, using a completely randomized experimental design, four replications and seven treatments (ages of oil palm). The accumulation of macronutrients was obtained through the product of nutrient concentrations and the dry matter of the aerial part of the living, dead and total cover of tropical kudzu. The order of total accumulation of cycled nutrients by legumes was Ca, N, K, Mg, P and S. Tropical kudzu cultivation, as a cover plant, contributes to nutrient cycling in oil palm plantations, but this benefit decreased with the age of palm oil trees.
The cultivation of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] can be an important alternative in succession to maize in areas of degraded pastures due to the use of residue from fertilizers . With this, we aimed to evaluate the productivity of cowpea as a successor culture to undergo corn doses of reactive natural phosphate Arad and combinations with NPK. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split plot with four replications. The fertilizer was applied in previous cultivation (crop) using four phosphate doses in the form of Arad natural phosphate: 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and the sub-plots in combination with NPK, NK, NK + liming, and control (no liming and fertilizer). The cowpea yield components were evaluated in this work. The residues of P2O5 from the natural phosphate increased the phosphorus content in the plant and influenced the number of grains per pod. The residual effect of NK+ liming and only NK showed better results for the variables grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and dry mass of aerial part. The residual effect of NPK showed better results for the mass of 100 grains.
ABSTRACT:The adoption of cover crops in commercial plantations has been shown to be an alternative to promote greater soil protection, enhancement in its structure and aggregation, optimization of accumulation and nutrient cycling to obtain greater production of biomass and higher nitrogen fixation. To determine the accumulation of micronutrients of Pueraria phaseoloides L., according to age, established as a soil cover in industrial oil palm crops, an experiment was carried out at Companhia Agroindustrial (CRAI) in the municipality of Tailândia, State of Pará, in an Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates. The results allow to conclude that the accumulation of nutrients, except for Mn and Cu in the live Pueraria phaseoloides L. plant cover reduced over the years and those of B, Mn, Zn, and Cu were greater in the dead Pueraria phaseoloides L. plant cover and for Cl it was in the live Pueraria phaseoloides L. plant cover. The decreasing order of total micronutrient extraction was the following: Cl> Mn> B> Zn> Cu.
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