Drinking Behavior of Young Urban Negro Men

Robins, Lee N.; Murphy, George E.; Breckenridge, Mary B.

doi:10.15288/qjsa.1968.29.657

Cited by 45 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The use of personality characteristics as risk indicators is primarily based on the results of prospective longitudinal studies that have linked adolescent personality characteristics to later adult drinking problems. These studies have reported fairly consistent results despite differences in design, assessment techniques, and subject populations (e.g., Jones, 1968Jones, , 1971Loper, Kammeier, & Hoffman, 1973;McCord & McCord, 1962;Robins, Bates, & O'Neal, 1962;Robins, Murphy, & Breckenridge, 1968). The adolescent at greatest risk for later adult problem drinking appears to be an undercontrolled, impulsive, aggressive boy who demonstrates a pattern of problem behavior and poor school performance (see Cox, Lun, & Loper, 1983 for a review).…”

Section: Assessing Presumed Personality Risk (Ppr)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Alcohol expectancies and the risk for alcoholism.

Mann¹,

Chassin²,

Sher³

1987

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

173

124

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The current study examined alcohol expectancies and drinking motives as correlates of alcohol involvement among adolescents at high and low risk for future alcoholism. Measures of alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, presumed personality risk for alcoholism, family history of alcoholism, and alcohol involvement were completed by 979 high school students. Alcohol expectancies and drinking motives were found to vary as a function of risk status. More important, the strength of the relations between alcohol expectancies or drinking motives and alcohol involvement varied as a function of risk status. Expectancies of altered social behavior were particularly associated with low-risk drinking. Expectancies of enhanced cognitive and motor functioning, expectancies of tension reduction, expectancies of deteriorated cognitive and behavioral functioning, personal motives, and power motives were particularly associated with high-risk drinking. These expectancies and motives are of potential prognostic significance in the development of alcoholism and may be important targets for modification in primary prevention programs.Alcohol use is extremely common in adolescence. Recent surveys show that a substantial majority of adolescents (80%-93%) have reported at least some experience with alcohol (Jalali, Jalali, Crocetti, & Turner, 1981;Johnston, O'Malley, & Bachman, 1984). This high prevalence of adolescent alcohol use suggests that drinking in this age period is a socially normative behavior. The onset of drinking in adolescence may be part of a normal process of internalizing social norms and experimenting with adult behaviors (Barnes, 1977). For many adolescents, drinking can be considered a normal, social, transitional behavior that does not necessarily call for clinical concern or intervention.However, although some alcohol use is normative, adolescent drinking can also be problematic. It is important to distinguish normal adolescent drinking from drinking that has clinical implications. Most previous research has distinguished normal adolescent drinking from adolescent problem drinking by the quantity and frequency of use combined with the negative social consequences of alcohol intake (e.g., traffic accidents, school failure, family problems; Mayer & Filstead, 1979). Adolescent problem drinkers are one obvious target group for clini-This study is based on a master's thesis conducted by the first author at the University of Missouri-Columbia under the supervision of the second author.

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Section: Assessing Presumed Personality Risk (Ppr)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Alcohol expectancies and the risk for alcoholism.

Mann¹,

Chassin²,

Sher³

1987

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

173

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The study of adolescent alcohol expectancies is also important because many researchers have stressed the impact of experiences during this developmental period upon adult drinking practices. Risk factors for problem drinking have been studied in the context of adolescents' social development (Jessor & Jessor, 1975), parental influences (Barnes, 1977), peer influences (Margulies, Kessler, & Kandell, 1977;Stacey & Davies, 1970), ethnic-religious influences (Cahalan & Cisin, 1968;Ullman, 1960;Zucker, 1976), delinquency (Robins, Murphy, & Breckenridge, 1968;Stacey & Davies, 1970), and socioeconomic differences (Zucker, 1976). Taken as a whole, the groups of adolescents identified by these studies to be "at risk" for problematic drinking include children of alcoholic parents, children who are exposed to contradictory parental models concerning drinking attitudes and behavior, children of abstaining parents who made nondrinking an emotionally laden topic, children whose friends hold maladaptive alcohol attitudes or who already display problematic drinking patterns, certain ethnic-religious groups, children low in religiosity, and delinquent adolescents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of alcohol-related expectancies in adolescents: Separating pharmacological from social-learning influences.

Christiansen¹,

Goldman²,

Inn³

1982

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

330

265

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Although studies have shown that expectancies can determine actual behavioral effects of alcohol, no study has yet investigated whether expectancies develop from pharmacological experience with alcohol or from social-learning factors. The present study compared these two possible influences on the development of alcohol-related expectancies by investigating adolescents in transition from nondrinking to adult drinking practices. To this end, an adolescent expectancy questionnaire was constructed for use with 1,580 subjects, aged 12 to 19. Expectancy factor structure was determined separately in 12-to 14-year-olds, 15to 16-year-olds, 17-to 19-year-olds, and very low-versus high-experience adolescent drinkers. Results showed that six expectancy factors repeated across all age groups: physical tension reduction, diversion from worry, increased interpersonal power, magical transformation of experiences, enhanced pleasure, and modification of social-emotional behavior. Five of these themes were present in adolescents wjth very little or no drinking experience. Expectancy factor content did, however, alter with increasing drinking experience and age to become more homogeneous. Hence, relatively well-developed expectancies do exist prior to alcohol usage, but pharmacological experience with alcohol crystallizes existing expectancies. The factors extracted were remarkably consistent with those from factor analytic investigations of alcohol expectancies in adults. These findings suggest that prophylactic intervention to decrease the risk of adult problem drinking must begin with children.''Rejuests for reprints should be sent to Mark S. Gold-. One of the most significant findings of this man, Department of Psychology, Wayne State Univer-investigation was that alcohol expectancies sity, Detroit, Michigan 48202.were related to individual drinking patterns.

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“…Longitudinal follow-up studies in allied areas (such as studies of drug abusers or criminality) typically also have followed-up clinic-generated samples and have yielded variable retention rates depending on factors such as geographic locale, interval between contacts, and inducements to participate. Although retention rates exceeding 90% have been reported for some follow-up investigations of substance abusers (Robins, Murphy & Breckenridge, 1968;Schuckit, 1985;Twitchell, Hertzog, Klein & Schuckit, 1992) and delinquents (Robins, West & Hetjanic, 1975;Farrington, 1990), the more typical finding is that as many as 25% of such samples are not available for follow-up (Sobell, Brochu, Sobell, Roy & Stevens, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Procedures and Attrition Containment in a Long‐Term Follow‐Up of a Community‐Based ADHD Sample

Hartsough

Babinski

Lambert

1996

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Strategies are discussed for locating and interviewing a community-based sample of 492 adults, approximately half of whom were diagnosed in 1974 with ADHD. Completion rates, reasons for attrition, and amount of time and intensity of effort associated with subject location are reported. We found that 81% of the original sample had been located after 28 months, and that the reconstituted sample closely resembled the original larger childhood sample in background characteristics. Findings confirm that staff persistence was an important factor in containing attrition, and that longer contact intervals are likely to be a necessary feature of follow-up with socially and behaviorally disordered samples.

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Drinking Behavior of Young Urban Negro Men

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Alcohol expectancies and the risk for alcoholism.

Alcohol expectancies and the risk for alcoholism.

Development of alcohol-related expectancies in adolescents: Separating pharmacological from social-learning influences.

Tracking Procedures and Attrition Containment in a Long‐Term Follow‐Up of a Community‐Based ADHD Sample

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