“…Several ADs, including SSc, are characterized by a strong sex bias, with females being affected more frequently than males [4,8]. Very little is known about whether genes on the sex chromosomes can directly influence on susceptibility to SSc.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, very little is known about the possible association between the genes located on the sex chromosomes with their role in the immune system homeostasis and the susceptibility of the female sex to ADs [6,7]. Interestingly, recent reports have indicated that IRAK1 (Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase 1) gene, was the first X chromosome-linked gene associated with susceptibility and female predominance to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [8] and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [9]. IRAK1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase with significant role in TLR/IL-1 receptor (TIR) activation of NF-κB transcription factor, which subsequently increases the expression of many genes related to immunological functions [10][11][12].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Altered activation of NF-κB represents the critical event in pathogenesis of some ADs, acting through aberrant transcriptional regulation of many proinflammatory mediators [13]. Since IRAK1 is considered to be the "on-switch" of TIR signaling complex, it is recognized as a risk gene in ADs [8,14].…”
“…Several ADs, including SSc, are characterized by a strong sex bias, with females being affected more frequently than males [4,8]. Very little is known about whether genes on the sex chromosomes can directly influence on susceptibility to SSc.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, very little is known about the possible association between the genes located on the sex chromosomes with their role in the immune system homeostasis and the susceptibility of the female sex to ADs [6,7]. Interestingly, recent reports have indicated that IRAK1 (Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase 1) gene, was the first X chromosome-linked gene associated with susceptibility and female predominance to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [8] and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [9]. IRAK1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase with significant role in TLR/IL-1 receptor (TIR) activation of NF-κB transcription factor, which subsequently increases the expression of many genes related to immunological functions [10][11][12].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Altered activation of NF-κB represents the critical event in pathogenesis of some ADs, acting through aberrant transcriptional regulation of many proinflammatory mediators [13]. Since IRAK1 is considered to be the "on-switch" of TIR signaling complex, it is recognized as a risk gene in ADs [8,14].…”
Clarke, T., & Boersma, M. (2017). The governance of global value chains: Unresolved human rights, environmental and ethical dilemmas in the apple supply chain.
“…Teknologi kereta tercepat saat ini menggunakan teknologi Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) [2]- [7]. Relevansi penelitian ini dengan kebutuhan industri kereta api adalah untuk menunjang produsen kereta api nasional agar mampu membangun dan menguasai teknologi kereta cepat dengan teknologi Maglev.…”
Prinsip kerja kereta maglev adalah adanya interaksi antar kutub – kutub magnet yang terdapat pada kereta dengan kutub – kutub magnet yang berada di sepanjang jalur kereta. Kutub – kutub magnet tersebut terbuat dari kumparan dengan kawat superkonduktor yang dialiri arus listrik. Secara teori besar medan magnet tergantung pada besar arus yang mengalir, inti kumparan dan jumlah belitan. Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat sebuah kumparan dengan inti besi berukuran panjang 5 cm dan diameter 8mm dengan jumlah belitan sebanyak 400 putaran. Pengujian karakteristik dilakukan dengan mengalirkan arus listrik searah pada kumparan dengan memvariasikan besaran arusnya. Pengukuran medan magnet dilakukan pada jarak tertentu antara 0 s.d 5 cm dengan rentang 0,5 cm dari ujung kumparan. Dihasilkan medan magnet paling besar berada pada jarak terdekat dengan kumparan dan paling kecil berada pada jarak terjauh dari kumparan yang tidak terkena pengaruh medan magnet. Jarak terjauh yang masih terpengaruh oleh medan magnet adalah antara 25 s.d 40 cm
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