Dose response of chitosan on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and lactation performance in holstein dairy cows

Mingoti, Rafael; Freitas, J. E.; Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues; Gardinal, Rodrigo; Calomeni, Gustavo Delfino; Barletta, Rafael Villela; Vendramini, Thiago Henrique Annibale; Paiva, Pablo Gomes de; Rennó, Francisco Palma

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2016.02.008

Cited by 28 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Until the present study, there has been no study evaluating chitosan and fat source association in dairy cow diets. Mingoti et al (2016), Araujo et al (2015) and Goiri et al (2010b) found no effect of chitosan on dry matter intake (DMI) in dairy cows, beef cattle and sheep, respectively. In the present study, however, chitosan decreased DMI in Table 5 Milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows fed diets containing chitosan and soybean oil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary chitosan improves nitrogen use and feed conversion in diets for mid-lactation dairy cows

et al. 2017

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Feed additives and fat sources have been used to meet high productive dairy cow energy requirements. This study aimed to evaluate dietary chitosan and soybean oil effects on mid-lactation dairy cow intake, digestibility, metabolism and productive performance. Twenty-four Holstein cows (134.7 ± 53.1 days in milk, 36.14 ± 5.32 kg/day of milk yield, and 581.2 ± 73.6 kg of body weight, Mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 21-d periods, with 14 d of adaptation and 7 d for data collection. The treatment arrangement was a 2×2 factorial design with two levels of chitosan (0 and 4 g/kg of dietary dry matter-DM) and two levels of soybean oil (0 and 33 g/kg of dietary DM). Chitosan decreased intake only in diets without oil (P < 0.05). Regardless of fat addition, chitosan increased DM and CP digestibility (P < 0.05). Soybean oil and chitosan increased total serum cholesterol (P < 0.05). Chitosan diet had higher urea plasma concentration than control diet (CON) (P < 0.05). Over all, soybean oil increased propionate and decreased acetate ruminal molar proportion, and therefore decreased acetate:propionate ratio (P < 0.05). Chitosan decreased milk yield, nitrogen use and feed conversion efficiencies in oil-diets (P < 0.05). Soybean oil decreased short and medium milk fatty acids concentration (P < 0.05). Chitosan had no effect on long-chain milk fatty acids in diets with soybean oil (P > 0.05). However, in free oil-diets, chitosan increased milk polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration, nitrogen and energy efficiency. Chitosan addition in free-fat diets improved feed efficiency, increased milk unsaturated fatty acids concentration and association with soybean oil negatively affect animal performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan increased DM and CP digestibility. Araujo et al (2015), Paiva et al (2017), and Mingoti et al (2016) also found DM and CP digestibility increase using dietary chitosan. These studies and the present one used internal markers for daily fecal estimation.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 93%

Dietary chitosan improves nitrogen use and feed conversion in diets for mid-lactation dairy cows

et al. 2017

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“…Treatments were composed of diets with 2 inclusion rates of WRS (0 or 14% diet DM) and 2 doses of CHI (0 or 4 g/kg of DM, Polymar Ciência e Nutrição, Fortaleza, Brazil). Chitosan dose was based on a previous study with beef cattle of our research group (Araújo et al, 2015) and further supported by an experiment with lactating cows (Mingoti et al, 2016). According to the manufacturer, CHI had an apparent density of 0.32 g/mL, pH 7.9, viscosity of 50 cP at 20°C, and deacetylation degree of 86.3%.…”

Section: Animals Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chitosan and whole raw soybeans on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

Zanferari

Vendramini

Rentas

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate whether providing chitosan (CHI) to cows fed diets supplemented with whole raw soybeans (WRS) would affect the nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, microbial protein synthesis, N utilization, blood metabolites, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (141 ± 37.1 d in milk, 38.8 ± 6.42 kg/d of milk yield; mean ± SD) were enrolled to a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 23-d periods. Cows were blocked within Latin squares according to milk yield, days in milk, body weight, and rumen cannula (n = 8). A 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement was randomly assigned to cows within blocks. Treatments were composed of diets with 2 inclusion rates of WRS (0 or 14% diet dry matter) and 2 doses of CHI (0 or 4 g/kg of dry matter, Polymar Ciência e Nutrição, Fortaleza, Brazil). In general, CHI+WRS negatively affected nutrient intake and digestibility of cows, decreasing milk yield and solids production. The CHI increased ruminal pH and decreased acetate to propionate ratio, and WRS reduced NH-N concentration and acetate to propionate in the rumen. The CHI reduced the relative bacterial population of Butyrivibrio group, whereas WRS decreased the relative bacterial population of Butyrivibrio group, and Fibrobacter succinogenes, and increased the relative bacterial population of Streptococcus bovis. No interaction effects between CHI and WRS were observed on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations. The CHI+WRS decreased N intake, microbial N synthesis, and N secreted in milk of cows. The WRS increased N excreted in feces and consequently decreased the N excreted in urine. The CHI had no effects on blood metabolites, but WRS decreased blood concentrations of glucose and increased blood cholesterol concentration. The CHI and WRS improved efficiency of milk yield of cows in terms of fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and net energy of lactation. The CHI increased milk concentration [g/100 g of fatty acids (FA)] of 18:1 trans-11, 18:2 cis-9,cis-12, 18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15, 18:1 cis-9,trans-11, total monounsaturated FA, and total polyunsaturated FA. The WRS increased total monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA, and 18:0 to unsaturated FA ratio in milk of cows. Evidence indicates that supplementing diets with unsaturated fat sources along with CHI negatively affects nutrient intake and digestibility of cows, resulting in less milk production. Diet supplementation with CHI or WRS can improve feed efficiency and increases unsaturated FA concentration in milk of dairy cows.

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“…Moreover, chitosan in the rumen environment has been shown to allow for greater permeability of epithelia and reduce in vitro pH, promoting improved digestibility (Benediktsdóttir et al, 2014). Mingoti et al (2016) suggested that the increased digestibility provided by chitosan addition is due to its ability to affect rumen microorganisms and digestive processes, acting mainly on Gram-positive bacteria. This phenomenon explains the improved digestibility of NDF and CP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feed was weighed on a digital scale, and its provision was adjusted so that orts accounted for approximately 100 g/kg of the offered DM. Chitosan was placed over the concentrate upon delivery of the total diet in order to visually ensure consumption of the additive in its entirety under animal production conditions, as described by Mingoti et al (2016). During the entire experimental period, samples of ingredients and diets were collected, quartered and packed in identified plastic bags that were stored in a freezer at -20°C for later chemical analysis.…”

Section: Experimental Diets and Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chitosan on production performance of feedlot lambs

Pereira¹,

Carvalho

Magalhães

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Sci.

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Intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, microbial protein synthesis, weight gain, yields of the main commercial cuts and carcass morphometric measurements were evaluated in lambs fed diets containing different levels of chitosan. Sixty Santa Inês crossbred sheep with an average body weight (BW) of 24 ± 2.2 kg were assigned to three treatments (diets containing 0, 136 or 272 mg chitosan/kg BW) in a completely randomized design. There was no effect of chitosan on dry matter (DM) intake. Ingested and retained N showed a quadratic response, with the highest values estimated at the chitosan levels of 142 and 152 mg/kg BW, respectively. Similar to N balance, microbial protein synthesis showed the same quadratic response, in which the level of 136 mg/kg BW resulted in higher synthesis when compared with the other levels. No effect of chitosan was detected on average daily gain, final weight, or carcass variables (hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, yield of commercial cuts and morphometric measurements of the carcass). Conformation, visceral fat content and fatness of carcasses were also not altered by the use of chitosan. Chitosan improves the digestibility of DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, and increases N balance and microbial protein synthesis but does not change the production performance of feedlot lambs.

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Dose response of chitosan on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and lactation performance in holstein dairy cows

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Dietary chitosan improves nitrogen use and feed conversion in diets for mid-lactation dairy cows

Dietary chitosan improves nitrogen use and feed conversion in diets for mid-lactation dairy cows

Effects of chitosan and whole raw soybeans on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

Effect of chitosan on production performance of feedlot lambs

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