Don’t put all social network sites in one basket: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and their relations with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

Masciantonio, Alexandra; Bourguignon, David; Bouchat, Pierre; Balty, Manon; Rimé, Bernard

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248384

Cited by 113 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Despite the fact that there is research that points to the expression of negative feelings during the pandemic through Twitter [76][77][78], the results of this study are aligned with other works that impact the possibility of using Twitter constructively during the COVID-19 crisis and report a use of the network incorporating positive and socially supportive values [79][80][81].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Social Connectivity, Sentiment and Participation on Twitter during COVID-19

Castro-Martínez

Domínguez

Valcárcel

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In a transnational context defined by the irruption of COVID-19 and the social isolation it has generated around the world, social networking sites are essential channels for communicating and developing new forms of social coexistence based on connectivity and interaction. This study analyzes the feelings expressed on Twitter through the hashtags #YoMeQuedoEnCasa, #stayhome, #jeresteàlamaison, #restealamaison, #stoacasa, #restaacasa, #ficaemcasa, #euficoemcasa, #ichbleibezuHause and #Bleibzuhause, and the communicative and social processes articulated from network participation, during the lockdown in 2020. Through Gephi software, the aspects underlying the communicative interaction and the distribution of the network at a global level are studied, with the identification of leaderships, communities and connectivity nodes. As a result of this interaction, the emergence of social and organizational links derived from community participation and motivated by the common interest of preserving health and general wellbeing through collective action is detected. The study notes the presence of feelings of solidarity, a sense of community and social support among connected crowds who, despite being in geographically dispersed settings, share similar concerns about the virus effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Social Connectivity, Sentiment and Participation on Twitter during COVID-19

Castro-Martínez

Domínguez

Valcárcel

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…However, researchers who have studied the role of social media (mainly Facebook) on users’ well-being, self-esteem, depression symptoms, and anxiety have presented mixed findings regarding the significant association with a potential explanation based on passive or active use (Escobar-Viera et al, 2020 ). A recent study regarding social support and feelings of connectedness over the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the passive usage of Facebook is negatively related to well-being through upward social comparison, whereas active usage of Instagram is positively related to satisfaction with life and negative affect through social support (Masciantonio et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between Facebook and Instagram Usage in Regard to Problematic Use and Well-Being

Limniou

Ascroft

McLean

2021

J. technol. behav. sci.

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Although the association of well-being (e.g., self-esteem, depression symptoms, and loneliness) with Facebook usage (i.e., number of friends and frequency of use) has been investigated by many researchers, only a limited number of studies have scrutinised Facebook against Instagram use. The aim of this study is not only to address this literature gap but also to explore whether problematic use and well-being differ between Facebook and Instagram users in relation to the number of received “likes” and Facebook friends/Instagram followers, as well as the importance of these “likes” and friends/followers. Sixty-nine Facebook users and 66 Instagram users completed an online questionnaire, including self-esteem, loneliness, depression, and problematic Internet use items. Overall, Instagram users exhibited significantly higher problematic use behaviour compared to Facebook users. Age and importance of “followers” were negatively associated with problematic use of Instagram, whilst only the importance of “likes” was negatively associated with Facebook. The number of Facebook “friends” was positively associated with depressive symptoms, but this was not the case for the number of Instagram “followers”. It is important to note that the number of “likes” was only negatively associated with self-esteem, but there was no association with loneliness. A potential explanation between the differences in the two platforms and well-being might be related to their different functionalities, for example, Instagram is an image-oriented platform that may boost users’ self-esteem through post “likes” but only when the users are strongly connected.

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“…In a survey that involved French, Belgian and Swiss participants, the prevalence also varied by social media platform [33] . The prevalence was 15% for Tik Tok (video), 38% for Twitter (text), 63% for Instagram (photos) and 89% for Facebook (text and photos) [33] .One of the U.S. studies in this review only surveyed Facebook use (much like the pre-COVID studies) and reported 70% pre-COVID but a 27% increase during COVID to 97% Facebook use [34] , which was the same prevalence (98%) reported in another U.S. COVID survey [35] .…”

Section: Prevalence Of Social Media Use By Youth During Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study that tapped social media use in French, Belgian and Swiss youth during lockdown (N= 793), overall use significantly increased [33] . Surprisingly, active use of social network sites (messaging and responding to messages) increased the well-being of students via improving social capital and connectedness [33] . In contrast, passive use (viewing messages on the site) decreased the well-being of students by fostering social comparison and envy.…”

Section: Active Versus Passive Use Of Social Networking Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media and Mental Health in Youth During COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Field¹

2021

IJPRR

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Social media effects on youth during COVID-19 have been studied in the context of excessive use and mental health. Although some positive effects have been reported including connecting and social support, the COVID-19 research has typically noted negative effects including sedentary behavior, limited social interaction, depression and anxiety. This narrative review of eighteen COVID-19 publications on social media effects on youth includes sections on prevalence, on effects and on mediators/moderators of those effects. The prevalence of social media use by youth during COVID-19 has varied between 5% and 97% across 22 countries as a function of location, quarantine/lockdown, and type of social media, although the overall prevalence has significantly increased by 27% during the pandemic and has averaged 38% across studies. The most popular social media have been Facebook, What’s App, Instagram and Twitter. The prevalence of mental health symptoms has also varied across countries but has averaged 27% for anxiety, 34% for depression and 35% for stress. Mediators for the relationships between excessive social media and mental health symptoms have included rumination, psychological capital, sense of control and active use and moderators have included mindfulness, academic burnout and “flow”. Limitations of this literature are its sampling of self-reports from university students via cross-sectional surveys and confounding variables including pre-existing psychopathology, lockdown conditions, and sedentary behavior. Research is needed on the specific reasons for excessive social media use (e. g. information seeking, social interaction and escape from negative feelings including loneliness and touch deprivation) to inform intervention protocols for reducing this addictive behavior and its negative consequences on mental health symptoms in youth.

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Don’t put all social network sites in one basket: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and their relations with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 113 publications

References 36 publications

Social Connectivity, Sentiment and Participation on Twitter during COVID-19

Social Connectivity, Sentiment and Participation on Twitter during COVID-19

Differences between Facebook and Instagram Usage in Regard to Problematic Use and Well-Being

Social Media and Mental Health in Youth During COVID-19: A Narrative Review

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