Domestic contours of global regulation: Understanding the policy changes on pharmaceutical patents in India and Turkey

Making global markets: Historical institutionalism in international political economy

“…A growing body of scholarship examines how or whether the international forces of globalization constrain domestic regulatory politics (Berger and Dore, 1996;Garrett, 1998;Vogel and Kagan, 2004;Eren-Vural, 2007;Mattli and Woods, 2009). To understand the opposite causal relationship -how domestic regulatory rules may have international economic and political impact -we propose that it is necessary to pay more attention to what we dub international market regulation -the processes through which the domestic regulatory activities of states and other actors set the effective rules of internationally-exposed markets.…”

The New Political Economy of Pharmaceuticals

“…The state has ceased to protect and develop the local industry; instead, access to affordable medicines is pursued through bargaining over prices with multinational corporations. This is in contrast to India, for instance, where government-adopted strategies in the form of trade protection and investment incentives, together with a large domestic market, enabled the development of a strong domestic industry that was later in a position to benefit from TRIPS (Eren-Vural, 2007).…”

Trading Knowledge: The Southern Dimension of TRIPS and GATS

“…Governments may use their prerogatives in order to confirm or even to reinforce the commodification of knowledge, as stipulated by the international agreements (Randeria 2007). But they may also try to carve out loopholes in order to use the existing 'policy space' for their own economical, developmental, social, and cultural priorities (Gallagher 2007;Eren-Vural 2007). Although the articles of this special issue do not suggest generalisable propositions on Southern governments' preferences and strategies, they reveal distinctive tendencies as well as potential causal mechanisms and behavioral patterns.…”