Does topical lidocaine with adrenaline have an effect on morbidity in pediatric tonsillectomy?

The effects of topical levobupivacaine on morbidity in pediatric tonsillectomy patients

“…Egeli et al [28] reported that topical application of lidocaine with adrenaline offered no advantage over placebo in the control of postoperative pain and other morbidity related factors following pediatric tonsillectomy. On the other hand, Oghan et al [29] suggested that topically administered high dose ropivacaine (1%) offered a statistically significant pain control without postoperative morbidity in the postoperative 1-week period except the first hour postoperatively.…”

Comparison of peritonsillar levobupivacaine and bupivacaine infiltration for post-tonsillectomy pain relief in children: Placebo-controlled clinical study

“…In addition, patients frequently have nausea, emesis and abdominal discomfort [1,2]. Therefore different studies have investigated many methods to reduce pain such as; preoperative, intraoperative or postoperative medications, preincisional or post-tonsillectomy injections or topical applications, different instrumentations in tonsillectomy techniques [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…Tonsillar fossae are highly sensitive, because they are well innervated locally by the branches of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves and highly represented in the cerebral cortex [1,5]. Pain after tonsillectomy begins with local tissue damage, which causes the release of inflammatory substances, and conducted by noxious stimulation of C-fiber afferents located in the peritonsillary space.…”

“…Pain after tonsillectomy begins with local tissue damage, which causes the release of inflammatory substances, and conducted by noxious stimulation of C-fiber afferents located in the peritonsillary space. In addition to inflammation, local nerve irritation and pharyngeal muscle spasm triggers the pain [1,5,[12][13][14]. The pain does not completely relieve until the muscle is covered with mucosa after surgery [4].…”

“…The pain does not completely relieve until the muscle is covered with mucosa after surgery [4]. Local anesthetics can block the nerve conduction when applied to the peri-tonsillar region [5].…”