Does the pre-flowering period determine the potential grain weight of sunflower?

Castillo, Francisca M.; Vásquez, Santiago C.; Calderini, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.06.029

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The water deficit in the vegetative growth period could impact late ovary development; this effect could still be detected during grain-filling (Figure 5 ). This result has also been confirmed in many other crops ( Yang et al, 2009 ; Hasan et al, 2011 ; Castillo et al, 2017 ). Therefore, ovary size is likely a reference indicator for the final kernel weight of maize under abiotic stresses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The reduction of kernel weight under a water deficit is related to impaired assimilation supply ( Schussler and Westgate, 1995 ; Setter et al, 2001 ), disturbed sugar and hormonal metabolism ( Ober et al, 1991 ; Zinselmeier et al, 1999 ), and decreased cell division and starch accumulation in the endorsperm ( Setter and Flannigan, 2001 ; Yu and Setter, 2003 ). In other crops, kernel weight also relates to the development of parental organs prior to flowering ( Yang et al, 2009 ; Hasan et al, 2011 ; Castillo et al, 2017 ); however, there is little relevant research on maize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of Water Deficit Limits Maize Kernel Setting in Association With Changes in the Source-Flow-Sink Relationship

Tao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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The kernel setting of maize varies greatly because of the timing and intensity of water deficits. This variation can limit leaf productivity (source), the translocation of assimilated sugars (flow), and yield formation (sink). To explain the decline in kernel setting of maize under water deficits from the perspective of source-flow-sink, a 3-year experiment was conducted under a rain shelter. Five water regimes were studied. One regime included well-irrigated (CK) treatment. Four regimes involved water deficits: irrigation was withheld during the 6- to 8-leaf stage (V6−8), the 9- to 12-leaf stage (V9−12), the 13-leaf stage to tasseling stage (V13−T), and the silking stage to blister stage (R1−2). Water deficit effects on kernel setting began when the water deficit occurred at V9 and became more significant with time. Kernel weight was reduced by 12 and 11% when there were water deficits during V9−12 and V13−T, respectively. This was the result of reduced leaf area (limited source) and an altered vascular bundle in the ear peduncles (limited assimilate flow). The reduced vascular bundle number, rather than the ear peduncle cross-sectional area, significantly affected the final kernel weight when exposed to a water deficit prior to the silking stage. The water deficits prior to and close to the flowering stage significantly reduced ear kernel number; that is, 14 and 19% less during V13−T and R1−2, respectively, compared with the kernel number during the CK treatment. This reflects a smaller sink under water deficit conditions. Additionally, ovary size was reduced the most in the V13−T water deficit compared with other treatments. After rewatering, the water deficit before or during flowering stage continued to have residual effects on grain-filling in the late growth period. The grain-filling rate decreased under the V9−12 water deficit; the grain-filling duration shortened under the R1−2 water deficit; and both negative effects occurred under the V13−T water deficit. This study clearly indicated that (1) the water deficit during the vegetative organ rapid growth period both limited leaf source development and assimilate flow and slowed down kernel development, and (2) the water deficit just before and during flowering reduced kernel sink. Deficits at both times could retard grain-filling and reduce maize yield. The results of the present study might guide irrigation practices in irrigated maize or inform the management of sowing time in rainfed maize, to desynchronize the water deficit and the plant’s reactions to such deficits at different stages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Water Deficit Limits Maize Kernel Setting in Association With Changes in the Source-Flow-Sink Relationship

Tao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Por último la proporción del grano ocupado por el embrión varió entre un 62 a 80% similar a lo que lo reportado por Aguirrezábal et al, (1996). Recientemente Castillo et al, (2017) encontraron asociaciones positivas entre el peso de grano y peso de ovario en R3, en antesis (R5), tasa de crecimiento de ovario, dimensiones de grano y humedad de grano. Similar a lo reportado en el presente trabajo, en las primeras etapas de crecimiento de los ovarios durante el período de pre-antesis y una reducción de la fuente en pre-antesis afectó el peso de grano y la concentración de aceite de grano.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Aumentos en la fuente disponible durante el llenado de granos generan incrementos en el tamaño del grano pero dependerá del tamaño final del tegumento (Dosio et al, 1997). Estudios recientes indicaron una estrecha relación entre la tasa de crecimiento del tegumento y el tamaño final de grano (Lindstrom, Hernandez, 2015;Castillo et al, 2017). Asimismo, las diferencias en peso de grano entre sectores dentro del capítulo está principalmente debida a la tasa (Connor y Hall, 1997) y/o duración (Chimenti et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Variabilidad genotípica y ambiental del peso, tamaño y aceite del grano de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) en el Noreste argentino.

Martino

Rausch

Zuil³

2018

Agrotecnia

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RESUMENLa relación tegumento/embrión es uno de los principales factores que afectan el porcentaje de aceite en girasol. Mayores proporciones de embrión incrementa la cantidad de aceite del grano. En la actualidad, no es claro el efecto ambiental y la variabilidad genotípica en híbridos modernos de girasol de la relación tegumento/embrión y el porcentaje de aceite del grano. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron i) determinar la variabilidad genotípica y ambiental para porcentaje de aceite y proporción de tegumento y embrión en el Noreste Argentino y ii) analizar la influencia de variables ambientales sobre la relación de tegumento/embrión y el porcentaje de aceite del grano de girasol. Se realizaron 4 experimentos durante la campaña 2014/2015 en las localidades de Reconquista (en dos fechas de siembra), Ceres y Villa Ocampo. Los tratamientos consistieron en una combinación de cuatro ambientes y quince híbridos comerciales de girasol. Las determinaciones realizadas fueron tipo de grano, tamaño (largo y ancho), peso de grano, peso y espesor del tegumento, peso del embrión, contenido de aceite de embrión y grano. Se realizaron análisis de componentes principales para explicar las relaciones de cada componente con las variables medidas. El porcentaje de aceite varió entre 55,2 y 43,3, mientras que el porcentaje de aceite de embrión varió entre 53,5 y 66,4%. En el porcentaje de aceite en el grano y relación tegumento/ embrión se observaron diferencias significativas entre híbridos y ambientes. El rango obtenido en peso de grano fue de 29 a 91 mg. Uno de los factores ambientales más importantes que se relacionó con las variables fue la temperatura máxima y media durante el llenado de granos. Estos resultados contribuyen a la toma de decisiones sobre estabilidad y adaptación genotípica como así también herramienta para el mejoramiento genético para incrementar el porcentaje de aceite de futuros híbridos.Palabras clave: calidad, relación tegumento/embrión, comportamiento genotípico, largo y ancho de grano. SUMMARYThe coat/embryo ratio is one of the main factors affecting the percentage of sunflower oil. Higher proportions of seed embryo increase the amount of oil in grain. Currently, environmental effect and genetic variability in modern hybrid sunflower coat/embryo ratio and the percentage of grain oil is unclear. The objectives of this study were i) determine the genotypic and environmental variability for oil percentage and ratio of seed coat and embryo in the northeastern regions of Argentina and ii) analyze the influence of environmental variables on the coat/embryo ratio and oil content sunflower grain. Four experiments during the 2014/2015 growing season were made in Reconquista (in two planting dates), Ceres and Villa Ocampo. The treatments consist in a combination of four environmental conditions by fifteen sunflower commercial hybrids. The determinations were grain type, size (length and width), whole grain weight, weight and thickness of the seed coat, embryo weight and oil content of embryo. Principal compone...

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“…Genetic studies have also focused on the post-flowering period, where GW has been identified as a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes [ 9 – 13 ]. Scant information is available about the genetic control of GW during the pre-flowering phase, though it has recently been demonstrated that GW determination in sunflower is a continuous process from early pre-anthesis (R3 stage: reproductive stage when ovaries are growing) to physiological maturity (PM: when GW reaches its maximum value with a water content about 38%) [ 14 ], challenging the general assumption that flowering is a pivotal phenological stage for GW determination. In order to fully understand GW determination, an integrated physiological and molecular approach, linking the pre and post-anthesis periods, is necessary in sunflower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansin genes expression in growing ovaries and grains of sunflower are tissue-specific and associate with final grain weight

et al. 2018

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BackgroundGrain weight (GW) is a key component of sunflower yield and quality, but may be limited by maternal tissues. Cell growth is influenced by expansin proteins that loosen the plant cell wall. This study aimed to identify spatio-temporal expression of EXPN genes in sunflower reproductive organ tissues (ovary, pericarp, and embryo) and evaluate correlations between reproductive organ growth and expansin genes expression. Evaluations involved eight different developmental stages, two genotypes, two source-sink treatments and two experiments. The genotypes evaluated are contrasting in GW (Alybro and confection variety RHA280) under two source-sink treatments (control and shaded) to study the interactions between grain growth and expansin genes expression.ResultsOvaries and grains were sampled at pre- and post-anthesis, respectively. Final GW differed between genotypes and shading treatments. Shading treatment decreased final GW by 16.4 and 19.5% in RHA280 and Alybro, respectively. Relative expression of eight expansin genes were evaluated in grain tissues. EXPN4 was the most abundant expansin in the ovary tissue, while EXPN10 and EXPN7 act predominantly in ovary and pericarp tissues, and EXPN1 and EXPN15 in the embryo tissues.ConclusionsSpecific expansin genes were expressed in ovary, pericarp and embryo in a tissue-specific manner. Differential expression among grain tissues was consistent between genotypes, source-sink treatments and experiments. The correlation analysis suggests that EXPN genes could be specifically involved in grain tissue extension, and their expression could be linked to grain size in sunflower.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1535-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Does the pre-flowering period determine the potential grain weight of sunflower?

Cited by 23 publications

References 77 publications

Timing of Water Deficit Limits Maize Kernel Setting in Association With Changes in the Source-Flow-Sink Relationship

Timing of Water Deficit Limits Maize Kernel Setting in Association With Changes in the Source-Flow-Sink Relationship

Variabilidad genotípica y ambiental del peso, tamaño y aceite del grano de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) en el Noreste argentino.

Expansin genes expression in growing ovaries and grains of sunflower are tissue-specific and associate with final grain weight

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