Does Oeceoclades maculata (Orchidaceae) reabsorb nectar?

Abstract

Nectar is the most common resource offered by orchid flowers. In some cases, flowers reabsorb nectar as part of a resource-recovery strategy. Nectar is present only in the morning in the widespread orchid Oececoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. To determine whether this is due to reabsorption or evaporation of water, the volume of nectar and its concentration in previously bagged flowers were determined throughout the day at two hourly intervals. In addition, the entrance to the nectary of flowers of cultivated plants was obstructed with petroleum jelly in the morning, to prevent the evaporation of water and, in the afternoon, the presence of nectar was recorded. Furthermore, manually self-pollinated flowers, also with the entrance to the nectary obstructed, had their nectary checked 24 hours after pollination to determine whether post-pollination reabsorption occurred. In addition, the period when the pollinators of O. maculata foraged for nectar was determined in order to establish whether it was associated with the period when nectar was available. The volume and concentration of nectar in O. maculata flowers vary from 0.82 µl (25.10%) between 10-12 h and 0.36 µl (33.73%) between 16-18 h and this difference is caused by evaporation of water. Post-pollination reabsorption does not occur in this species. Pollinators forage most actively between 10-12 h. Thus, O. maculata does not reabsorb nectar, but evaporative water loss is a significant factor determining the variation in the volume and concentration of this reward and this is positively correlated with butterfly visitation.

Investigating pollination strategies in disturbed habitats: the case of the narrow-endemic toadflax Linaria tonzigii (Plantaginaceae) on mountain screes

“…This result hints that the study plant allocates resources to diurnal pollinators (Zimmerman 1988), and this conclusion could potentially be strengthened in future by recording the daily dynamics of the scent production. This is in congruence with a general pattern that pollinators usually visit flowers when the nectar resources are the highest (Real and Rathcke 1991; Aguiar and Pansarin 2013;Biella et al 2019). In addition, our survey indicated that not all flower visitors were long-tongued insects, and not all the pollinators were equal in terms of abundance and visitation behaviour.…”