Comparative reproductive biology reveals two distinct pollination strategies in Neotropical twig-epiphyte orchids

Pansarin, Emerson Ricardo; Bergamo, Pedro Joaquim; Ferraz, Lucenilda J. C.; Pedro, Silvia R. M.; Ferreira, Alessandro Wagner Coelho

doi:10.1007/s00606-018-1510-7

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In orchids, floral color often shows intraspecific polymorphism and many orchids present nectar guides and differences in color between floral parts ( Darwin, 1877 ; Aguiar et al, 2012 ; Sletvold et al, 2016 ; Pansarin et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, orchid flowers present a specialized structure, the labellum, a modified petal which is usually distinct from petals and sepals regarding both color and morphology ( Darwin, 1877 ; van der Pijl and Dodson, 1966 ; Fay and Chase, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

et al. 2020

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Flower color has been studied in different ecological levels of organization, from individuals to communities. However, it is unclear how color is structured at the intrafloral level. In bee-pollinated flowers, the unidirectional gradient in color purity and pollen mimicry are two common processes to explain intrafloral color patterns. Considering that floral traits are often integrated, usually reflecting evolutionary modules under pollinator-mediated selection, we hypothesize that such intrafloral color patterns are structured by intrafloral color modules as perceived by bee color vision system. Here, we studied the tropical bee-pollinated orchid Cattleya walkeriana , given its intrafloral color complexity and variation among individuals. Considering bee color vision, we investigated if intrafloral color modules arose among intrafloral patches (tip or base of the sepals, petals, and labellum). We expected a separate color module between the labellum patches (the main attractive structure in orchids) and petals and sepals. We measured the color reflectance and calculated the photoreceptor excitation, spectral purity, hue, and the chromatic contrast of the floral structures in the hexagon color model. Spectral purity (saturation) was higher in the labellum tip in comparison to petals and sepals, generating a unidirectional gradient. Labellum base presented a less saturated yellow UV-absorbing color, which may reflect a pollen mimicry strategy. C. walkeriana presented three intrafloral color modules corresponding to the color of petals and sepals, the color of the labellum tip, and the color of labellum base. These color modules were unrelated to the development of floral structures. Given the importance of intrafloral color patterns in bee attraction and guidance, our results suggest that intrafloral patterns could be the outcome of evolutionary color modularization under pollinator-mediated selection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

et al. 2020

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“…2015; Pansarin et al . 2018, respectively). These species attract and are pollinated by different kinds of biotic pollen vector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…is pollinated by hummingbirds (Pansarin et al . 2018). Other species of Rodriguezia also offer nectar as a reward but are pollinated by bees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such flower diversity is related to pollination by a diverse array of pollinators, including wasps, bees (even euglossines), butterflies and hummingbirds (van der Cingel 2001; Pansarin et al . 2018), that forage for nectar, oil and fragrance (Castro & Singer 2019). There are no records for pollen, edible trichomes or resins as rewards for this subtribe (Neubig et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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So small and so rich: diversity of floral resources in miniature Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) and their relation to pollinators

Pansarin

Alves‐dos‐Santos

et al. 2020

Plant Biol J

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Oncidiinae is one of the most important subtribes among the Neotropical orchids, with an enormous diversity of floral morphology and secretory structures. This subtribe attracts a diverse array of pollinators which explore a variety of floral resources of its flowers. In this paper we provide a detailed investigation of the floral anatomy of 32 species of micro Oncidiinae. We applied histochemical tests in order to determine the diversity of the glands and rewards. The diversity of secretory flower structures and rewards was related to the group of pollinators known for this subtribe. We verified that half of the species (16 species, 50%) secrete oil as a resource, being pollinated by female of solitary bees. Species of some distinct nectar‐secreting genera (four species, 12.5%) are pollinated by a range of nectar‐searching animals. Species of the genus Notylia (four species, 12.5%) release floral perfumes that reward male Euglossini bees. Most of the investigated species (six species, 18.75%) possess osmophores that are involved in pollinator attraction. Two species of Capanemia (6.25%) do not offer any floral reward, suggesting that pollination by food deception is involved. There are strong variations in the anatomy of reward‐producing structures and resources in Oncidiinae. The diversity of floral rewards affects the range of pollinators, which are related to the diversification of this subtribe throughout the Neotropics. The understanding of relationships between Oncidiinae species and their pollinators is crucial to our knowledge of the evolution of pollination systems in this huge plant family represented by the orchids.

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“…Tremblay et al (2005) provided a list of self-incompatible species of orchids and the references to each study, in which are included species of the Oncidiinae genera Cyrtochilum, Gomesa, Grandiphyllum, Oncidium, Tolumnia and Trichocentrum. Self-incompatibility was demonstrated for most of the Oncidiinae species studied so far (East 1940;Ackerman & Montero-Oliver 1985;Warford 1992;Ackerman 1995;Ackerman et al 1997;Cingel 2001;Torretta et al 2011;Singer & Koehler 2003;Carvalho & Machado 2006;Damon & Cruz-López 2006;Pemberton 2008;Vale et al 2011;Ospina-Calderón et al 2015;Pansarin et al 2016;2018)…”

Section: Breeding Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A literature review of the pollination strategies and breeding systems in Oncidiinae orchids

Castro

Singer

2019

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Oncidiinae is an exclusively Neotropical orchid subtribe with about 1600 described species and an impressive array of vegetative and floral morphological adaptations. We present the results of a literature survey on the pollination strategies and breeding systems of this orchid subtribe. The flowers are pollinated by a wide range of insects (mostly bees) and, sometimes, hummingbirds. Several genera reward their pollinators with floral resources such as oils, nectar or perfumes. Whereas pollination by oil-gathering bees likely evolved several times within Oncidiinae, exclusive pollination by perfume-gathering male Euglossine bees is likely restricted to a set of closely-related genera. Pollination by food or sexual deception is also present within the subtribe. Up to date, the pollen-vectors of the 92 species of Oncidiinae studied so far are as follows: 84.7 % are pollinated by bees, 6.5 % by wasps, 4.3 % by hummingbirds, 3.2 % by butterflies and 3.2 % by flies. Oncidiinae orchids are preferentially self-incompatible (69.4 % of the species studied so far), some may also present protandry as a mechanism to promote cross-pollination. Fruiting success is generally low. The rate of visitation with subsequent pollination is low, in general, which contributes to the low reproductive success of this plant group.

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Comparative reproductive biology reveals two distinct pollination strategies in Neotropical twig-epiphyte orchids

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

So small and so rich: diversity of floral resources in miniature Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) and their relation to pollinators

A literature review of the pollination strategies and breeding systems in Oncidiinae orchids

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