Does electric or magnetic field affect reverse osmosis desalination?

Effect of Magnetic Brackish-Water Treatments on Morphology, Anatomy and Yield Productivity of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum

“…The present study confirmed the above results where, irrigation wheat varieties (Sakha-94, Masr-2 and Gimeza-11) produced more values in the most of tested parameters (growth parameters i.e., plant height (cm), fresh and dry matter of tillers shoot (kg m -1 ), flag leaf area (cm 2 plant -1 ) as well as shoot contents of NPK and Mg at 75 DAS) under irrigation with M-BW1 or M-BW2 than irrigation with BW. Improving growth parameters regarding irrigation with magnetic brackish or normalwater also were reported in several studies on many crops (i.e., Surendran et al, 2016;Vladimir 2017;Razmkhaha et al, 2018) Regarding micro-morphological characters, several studies reported that, salinity has almost effects on structural and functional aspects on plants (Bahaji et al, 2002), disrupt several cellular functions and physiological processes (Duarte et al, 2013). Structural changes include deep root system (Hameed et al, 2010), succulence for water storage (Grigore and Toma, 2008), thick epidermis along with dense deposition of cuticle (Ristic and Jenks, 2002) for minimizing water loss through plant surface and sclarification and hardening of plant organs for mechanical strength as well as water conservation (Evans et al, 2007).…”

“…These results confirmed the previous studies under nonsaline or saline condition in Ismailia, South Sinai and Nubaria regions (Hozayn et al, 2013(Hozayn et al, , 2017, where they revealed that, wheat, barley, faba bean, lentil, chickpea, sunflower, canola and ground nut, flax, sugar beet and potato irrigated with magnetizedwater produced more values of growth, yield and quality compared untreated treatment. In abroad also, clear increasing (10.6-144.8%) in economic yield of many crops (i.e., cereal, wheat, rice, soybean, broad bean, sugar beet, sunflower, pepper and pea) were recorded under magnetic field treatments in macro experiments (i.e., Vasilevski 2003;Aladjadjiyan, 2007;Vashisth and Nagalajan, 2010;Surendran et al, 2016;Vladimir 2017;Razmkhaha et al, et al, 2018). They also recorded that, the increasing in yield were accompanied by improvement in quality parameters i.e., protein, oil, sugar, and carbohydrates percentage.…”

“…They also recorded that, the increasing in yield were accompanied by improvement in quality parameters i.e., protein, oil, sugar, and carbohydrates percentage. Generally, change in some physical and chemical properties of water and soil may be reflected in the positive effects on growth, yield and water productivity under magnetic water treatments (Maheshwari and Grewal 2010;Surendran et al, 2016;Vladimir 2017;Razmkhaha et al, 2018 andBen omer et al, 2018).…”

Functional materials in desalination: A review

“… Magnetic materials: in general, magnetic materials are those materials which can be either repelled or attracted when placed in a magnetic field. These functional materials find immense importance in desalination as draw solutes in forward osmosis [47], for enhanced selectivity in RO [48], to enhance the performance of solar stills [49] and various other ways as discussed in detail in section 5.  Sorbent materials: these functional materials are widely used for absorption and adsorption purposes, with the latter being a predominant method for rejection of salts and other ions from water.…”

“…When an external field is applied to a magnetic material, that material can become magnetized to perform one of the many tasks required in desalination. For example, Razmkhah et al [48] used molecular dynamic simulations to study the effect of magnetic field on desalination efficiency. Strong and weak external fields were applied to a MWCNT.…”