Presynthesized high-quality CdS/CdSe inverted type-I core/shell structure QDs have been deposited onto TiO(2) electrodes after first coating with bifunctional linker molecules, mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), and the resulting quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) exhibited record conversion efficiency of 5.32% (V(oc) = 0.527 V, J(sc) = 18.02 mA/cm(2), FF = 0.56) under simulated AM 1.5, 100 mW cm(-2) illumination. CdS/CdSe QDs with different CdSe shell thicknesses and different corresponding absorption onsets were prepared via the well-developed organometallic high-temperature injection method. MPA-capped water-dispersible QDs were then obtained via ligand exchange from the initial organic ligand capped oil-dispersible QDs. The QD-sensitized TiO(2) electrodes were facilely prepared by pipetting the MPA-capped CdS/CdSe QD aqueous solution onto the TiO(2) film, followed by a covering process with a ZnS layer and a postsintering process at 300 °C. Polysulfide electrolyte and Cu(2)S counterelectrode were used to provide higher photocurrents and fill factors of the constructed cell devices. The characteristics of these QDSCs were studied in more detail by optical measurements, incidental photo-to-current efficiency measurements, and impedance spectroscopy. With the combination of the modified deposition technique with use of linker molecule MPA-capped water-soluble QDs and well-developed inverted type-I core/shell structure of the sensitizer together with the sintering treatment of QD-bound TiO(2) electrodes, the resulting CdS/CdSe-sensitized solar cells show a record photovoltaic performance with a conversion efficiency of 5.32%.
Understanding
and exploring the transport behaviors of ions and
molecules in the nano and sub-nano confinement has great meaning in
the fields of nanofluidics and basic transport physics. With the rapid
progress in nanofabrication technology and effective characterization
protocols, more and more anomalous transport behaviors have been observed
and the ions/molecules inside small confinement can behave dramatically
differently from bulk systems and present new mechanisms. In this
Mini Review, we summarize the recent advances in the anomalous ionic/molecular
transport behaviors in nano and sub-nano confinement. Our discussion
includes the ionic/molecular transport of various confinement with
different surface properties, static structures, and dynamic structures.
Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of the latest applications
of nanofluidics in membrane separation and energy conversion.
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