Does air pollution influence internal migration? An empirical investigation on Italian provinces

Germani, Anna Rita; Scaramozzino, Pasquale; Castaldo, Angelo; Talamo, Giuseppina

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2021.02.005

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…In other words, people who dislike the polluted air in their city are more likely to have an intention to move away. This is consistent with findings in prior studies using macro-indicators investigating the relationship between air pollution and internal migration behavior [38][39][40]. Our results support the idea that people migrate away from their current living area with high pollution levels as an averting strategy to reduce environmental health risks [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Beyond just avoiding spending time outdoor, environmental stress can also lead to migration as a response [37]. On national scales, internal migrations from provinces or regions with worse air quality to those with higher air quality were observed, such as in Iran [38], Italy [39], and China [40]. High levels of air pollution also negatively affect the migration rate [41] and migrants' desire to stay [42], leading to further loss of human capital in the local region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While past studies have provided many valuable findings on the relationship between air pollution and migration behavior, certain aspects acquire limited attention. Most studies have focused on macro-scale investigations that employ particulate matter measurements and recorded population flows and changes [38][39][40]. This approach faces difficulties when delving deeper into the psychological processes among migrants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Escaping from air pollution: The psychological process of domestic migration intention among urban people

Vuong¹,

Le²,

Quang-Loc³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rapid urbanization with poor city planning has resulted in severe air pollution in low- and middle-income countries’ urban areas. Given the adverse impacts of air pollution, many responses have been taken, including migration to another city. The current study explores the psychological process and demographic predictors of migration intention among urban people in Hanoi, Vietnam – one of the most polluted capital cities in the world. The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) was used to construct the model and perform Bayesian analysis on a stratified random sampling dataset of 475 urban people. We found that the migration intention was negatively associated with the individual’s satisfaction with air quality. The association was moderated by the perceived availability of a better alternative (or nearby city with better air quality). However, the high migration cost due to geographical distance affected the perceived availability of a better alternative negligible. Moreover, it was also found that male and young people were more likely to migrate, but the brain drain hypothesis was not validated. The results hint that without air pollution mitigation measures, the dislocation of economic forces might occur and hinder sustainable urban development. Therefore, collaborative actions among levels of government, with the semi-conducting principle at heart, are recommended to reduce air pollution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Escaping from air pollution: The psychological process of domestic migration intention among urban people

Vuong¹,

Le²,

Quang-Loc³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the US Environmental Protection Agency defines "environmental justice" as requiring that "no group of people should bear a disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences resulting from industrial, governmental and commercial operations or policies" and calls for "fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies." 1 More generally, environmental justice dovetails with the growing concern about income inequality (for example, Chetty, Hendren, Kline, Saez, and Turner 2014; Piketty 2014). Because public goods are part of…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Justice: The Economics of Race, Place, and Pollution

Banzhaf

Timmins

2019

Journal of Economic Perspectives

392

226

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The grassroots movement that placed environmental justice issues on the national stage around 1980 was soon followed up by research documenting the correlation between pollution and race and poverty. This work has established inequitable exposure to nuisances as a stylized fact of social science. In this paper, we review the environmental justice literature, especially where it intersects with work by economists. First we consider the literature documenting evidence of disproportionate exposure. We particularly consider the implications of modeling choices about spatial relationships between polluters and residents, and about conditioning variables. Next, we evaluate the theory and evidence for four possible mechanisms that may lie behind the patterns seen: disproportionate siting on the firm side, “coming to the nuisance” on the household side, market-like coordination of the two, and discriminatory politics and/or enforcement. We argue that further research is needed to understand how much weight to give each mechanism. Finally, we discuss some policy options.

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“…In addition to economic determinants, contemporary research on internal migration also increasingly frequently takes into account environmental (including air quality and climate change) and location factors that may influence the decision to migrate to rural areas [62]. This is consistent with the growing discrepancy observed in highly developed countries since the 1970s and, in a broad sense, the deteriorating quality of life [63].…”

Section: Determinants Of Migration From the Perspective Of Environmental Economics Theorymentioning

confidence: 75%

Environmental and Economic Factors of Migration from Urban to Rural Areas: Evidence from Poland

et al. 2021

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The net migration rate is highly diversified and noticeable chiefly in municipalities directly adjacent to large cities. This trend is still maintained in Poland and is now becoming even more visible than previously. Most of the studies conducted to date have not focused on extracting economic and environmental factors or determining the role of individual factors in those decisions. Furthermore, they have not analysed the issue of differences in motives and directions of migration. Thus, the aim of the research was to establish the factors that determine contemporary migrations from the city to suburban areas and to outline the role of economic and environmental factors. For this purpose, 164 interviews were conducted with individuals who had migrated from the city to the countryside surrounding one of the most important urban centres in Central Europe—Wrocław. In the research, the multiple snowball sampling technique was used. It was found that the factors with the most significant impact on the decision to move from the city to the countryside were those of an environmental nature, whereas the selection of a specific location (village) was to a greater extent determined by economic factors. Compared to their previous place of residence, the respondents most positively rated the environmental benefits of living in the countryside, whereas economic factors, especially insufficient sewage and energy infrastructure, in addition to poor services and transport, were downvoted. The results therefore imply the need for better planning of suburban settlement patterns that takes account of the availability and development of the infrastructure network. The settlement dispersion, as shown through spatial studies, leads to higher unit costs, which generate higher public services costs and thus increasing local expenditures.

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Does air pollution influence internal migration? An empirical investigation on Italian provinces

Cited by 41 publications

References 67 publications

Escaping from air pollution: The psychological process of domestic migration intention among urban people

Escaping from air pollution: The psychological process of domestic migration intention among urban people

Environmental Justice: The Economics of Race, Place, and Pollution

Environmental and Economic Factors of Migration from Urban to Rural Areas: Evidence from Poland

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