Doença crônica da valva mitral em cães: avaliação clínica funcional e mensuração ecocardiográfica da valva mitral

Muzzi, Ruthnéa Aparecida Lázaro; Muzzi, Leonardo Augusto Lopes; Araújo, Roberto Baracat de; Lázaro, D.A.

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352009000200009

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Echocardiography is a useful additional examination in the diagnosis of valvular diseases. The examination allows assessment the severity of the disease and its classification as mild, moderate or severe based on the characteristics of the stream regurgitant and atrial size [4,16,21]. In human patients, valve thickening is an important prognostic marker, reflecting the severity of the injury [17,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systolic murmur is a related class of heart failure that involves valvular disease and is accompanied by chronic, progressive thickening and retraction of the valve cusps, thereby increasing the hole and, consequently, the murmur [16]. Doppler echocardiographic examination was employed to evaluate the patient following the diagnosis of a murmur based on cardiac auscultation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pacemaker Implant in a Dog with Sick Sinus Syndrome

Aleixo

Alfonso

Kichise

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Sick sinus syndrome is characterized by the presence of arrhythmias, including persistent sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmia. It commonly occurs in elderly dogs, especially miniature schnauzers; however, it is also detected in dachshunds and pugs. Reports of clinical signs by animal owners are not always clear and precise, which may result in erroneous interpretations by veterinarians; consequently, the use of inappropriate therapies. The present work aims to describe clinical aspects and findings from tests related to sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and presents the case of a female schnauzer with SSS.Case: A 10-year-old female dog (schnauzer, 8.6 kg) attended the Veterinary Hospital of the FMVZ-UNESP - Botucatu. The owner mentioned convulsive episodes, but a thorough medical history and patient assessment revealed that the dog exhibited episodes of syncope. During the physical examination, cardiac auscultation revealed the heart rate to be 56 beats per minute (bpm), and there was a presence of pauses. Also during cardiac auscultation, a holosystolic heart murmur was verified, with a focus on the mitral and tricuspid valves. The electrocardiogram showed the presence of sinus arrest with escape rhythms, pauses of 10 s and the presence of bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. A Holter monitor was used to establish the diagnosis of SSS. The patient presented with significant episodes of syncope during outpatient care, and based on the clinical manifestation, drug therapy was initiated. The prescribed medications were aminophylline 20 mg/ kg TID, enalapril maleate 0.5 mg/kg BID, spironolactone 1 mg/kg SID and furosemide 2 mg/kg BID. After the start of treatment, there was a reduction in the frequency of episodes of syncope. Three weeks after diagnosis, a pacemaker device was implanted. Currently, clinical signs are absent.Discussion: Sinus node dysfunction is one of the main reasons for pacemaker implantation. It is usually diagnosed based on clinical signs and the presence of sinus bradycardia and sinus pauses in electrocardiograms or Holter monitoring. The diagnosis of SSS is limited to cases in which the patient does not present with abnormalities in an electrocardiogram. Syncope is a clinical sign commonly present in patients with dysfunction of the sinus node, and episodes of syncope were reported by the owner of the dog referred to in the present report. A thorough medical history and physical examination must be performed to diagnose SSS because erroneous diagnosis and incorrect interpretations of clinical signs can lead to the misuse of medications. The treatment of choice for SSS is an implantable pacemaker device; however, because the method is not widely used in Brazil, a second option is drug treatment. In the present report, after implantation of a pacemaker, clinical signs ceased, and the patient was in good general health and could return to her normal activities. Sick sinus syndrome is a disease commonly found in schnauzers. There is a need for detailed histories and complementary exams because the clinical signs do not always correlate with electrocardiographic findings. The implantation of a pacemaker is the treatment of choice and is effective for the condition, but its use is not uniformly accessible throughout the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacemaker Implant in a Dog with Sick Sinus Syndrome

Aleixo

Alfonso

Kichise

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl

Santos

Aptekmann

Santos

et al. 2018

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Considering that the use of tranquillizers could optimize the performance of the echocardiogram, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of protocols with acepromazine and fentanyl on the echocardiographic parameters of healthy dogs, besides their effect in systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), time spent for examination and sedation scale. Ten adult dogs were submitted to different tranquilizing protocols 20 minutes before the echocardiographic examination, totalling five treatments for each pair, performed at seven-day intervals between evaluations. The treatments were CT (control treatment), IAT (intramuscular acepromazine), OAT (oral acepromazine), FT (fentanyl) and AFT (acepromazine associated with fentanyl). In addition to the echocardiographic evaluation, SBP, degree of reassurance, duration of the exam, HR and RR in the different protocols were evaluated. There was a significant decrease of SBP in OAT. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole and mitral annular movement in IAT, OAT and AFT, compared with CT. There was a decrease in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and increase in mitral E/mitral A ratio in IAT and OAT when compared with CT. All the tranquillizer protocols studied were found to significantly reduce HR, that facilitated the echocardiographic examination.

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Doença crônica da valva mitral em cães: avaliação clínica funcional e mensuração ecocardiográfica da valva mitral

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Pacemaker Implant in a Dog with Sick Sinus Syndrome

Pacemaker Implant in a Dog with Sick Sinus Syndrome

Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl

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