El objetivo de este estudio fue reducir los niveles de celos en seis mujeres, estudiantes universitarias, con edades entre los 18 y 35 años de edad, que presentaban celos patológicos. El proceso terapéutico utilizado se basó en la guía de intervención cognitivo comportamental para el manejo de los celos en la relación de pareja. La intervención tuvo una duración de dos meses y se desarrolló en siete sesiones, bajo un diseño AB y con seguimiento a los 6 meses a dos de las consultantes. Los resultados muestran una disminución en el puntaje de la Escala Interpersonal de Celos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los resultados globales de la escala en la aplicación pre y pos test (p<,05), así como en la frecuencia de conductas asociadas al problema. Se discuten las bondades y limitacionesde la intervención.

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The cardiovascular system in newborns has unique features; the system differs from that of foetuses due to the onset of pulmonary respiration and the closure of shunts and differs from that of adults due to heart and autonomic system immaturity. Twenty Ile de France lambs were evaluated during the first 35 days of life to describe changes in the electrical conduction of the heart and in the sympathetic and parasympathetic system during the neonatal period. Electrocardiographic evaluation and the sympathovagal balance was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) were performed, and ambulatory electrocardiography was performed with a Holter system from birth and at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. There was a significant difference in the duration of the PR and QT intervals and the T wave, as well as a decrease in the amplitude of the P, R and T waves for the evaluated moments. The heart rate and total QRS decreased progressively until 35 days, whereas the HRV indexes increased during the same period. The neonatal period requires care and attention, as several adaptations for neonate survival in the extrauterine environment occur during this period.Abbreviations: HRV: heart rate variability; PR, QT: electrocardiographic intervals; P, R and T: electrocardiographic waves; QRS: electrocardiographic complexes; I, II, III, aVL, aVF and aVL: electrocardiographic member derivations; FP: frontal plane of electrocardiogram; HR: heart rate; RR or NN: interval between two R waves in Holter evaluation; NNmed: the average value of all normal cycles measured during the Holter evaluation; RMSSD: square root of the average of successive differences squared between normal RR intervals measured during the Holter evaluation; pNN50: successive differences between the percentage of RR intervals greater than 50 ms in Holter evaluation ARTICLE HISTORY

Although heart rate (HR) is one of the most important clinical parameters determined via physical examinations, little information is available on the normal HR in dogs, which may be related to the high variability of body weight (BW) in this species. HR is determined by the discharge rate of the sinus node, which is dependent on the autonomic nervous system and the release of catecholamines. The allometric relationship between BW and HR in different species has been described as inversely proportional; however, this relationship has been refuted. Certain authors have reported that the relationship between HR and BW in dogs is based on temperament as well as sympathetic autonomic stimulation of the sinus node in small breeds compared with large breeds. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of weight, sex, age and temperament on the HR, heart rate variability and serum catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) levels in dogs. We evaluated 48 adult dogs of both sexes and various breeds and ages and divided the dogs into 5 BW groups: <5kg (n = 8), 5-10kg (n = 10), 10-25kg (n = 10), 25-45kg (n = 10), and >45kg (n = 10). The measured parameters were HR, breath rate (BR) and body temperature. We also performed an ambulatory electrocardiogram and electrocardiography (ECG) test for 24 hours (Holter monitor) and determined the serum levels of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. We observed correlations between HR and sex; differences among the weight groups with respect to ECG variables and epinephrine levels; and differences among the temperament categories for certain clinical parameters, such as HR and BR. Age affected the R wave amplitude, and an allometric relationship was not observed between HR and BW in the dogs. Our results indicated that weight was associated with variations in the ECG variables; age and sex were associated with variations in HR; and temperament had a significant influence on the HR and BR of the dogs.

BackgroundVeterinary cardiology, especially electrocardiography, has shown major advancements for all animal species. Consequently, the number of ovine species used as experimental animals has increased to date. Few studies have been published on ovine systematic electrocardiography, particularly with respect to lamb physiology and neonatology. This study aimed to standardize the values of normal waves, complexes, and intervals of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in clinically Bergamasca healthy neonatal lambs, used as experimental animals. Serial computerized electrocardiography was performed in 10 male and 12 female neonates on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 35th days of age. The following parameters were analyzed: heart rate and rhythm, duration and amplitude of waves, duration of intervals, and heart electrical axis.ResultsDuring the first 35 days of life, (1) the sinusal heart rhythm was predominant, (2) there was a progressive decrease in the heart rate and R and T wave amplitude, and (3) a progressive increase in the PR, QT, and RR intervals. Finally, we confirmed that various components of neonatal evolution were more discernible in the augmented unipolar leads (aVF), which we recommend should be preferentially used in future studies. No significant statistical alterations were observed between males and females in relation to the analyzed parameters.ConclusionsThe information assimilated in this study is anticipated to enhance the diagnosis of multiple congenital heart defects in Bergamasca lambs and could be implemented in studies that use ovine species as experimental models.

Objectives The aim of this study was to perform neonatal clinical assessments at birth to identify newborn kittens at risk according to type of delivery, thus allowing immediate intervention and increasing their chances of survival. Methods This study compared Apgar scores, reflexes and clinical parameters (temperature, weight, blood glucose and peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2]) between eutocic neonates and those delivered by emergency cesarean section. The animals were evaluated at birth and after 10 and 60 mins. Results Thirty-two neonates were evaluated, with 19 animals in the eutocic group (EG) and 13 animals in the cesarean group (CG). When comparing groups, CG neonates had significantly lower Apgar scores ( P <0.0001), lower SpO2 ( P = 0.0535), higher blood glucose ( P = 0.0009), reduced reflexes ( P <0.0001) and lower respiratory rates ( P <0.0001) at birth and after 10 and 60 mins than EG neonates. Apgar scores positively correlated with parameters such as heart rate, reflex score, SpO2 and weight. The mortality rate in evaluated newborns was 15.6% (5/32). The early mortality rate (0–2 days old) was 80% (4/5) and the late mortality rate (3–30 days old) was 20% (1/5). Conclusions and relevance This study showed lower vitality in cats delivered by emergency cesarean section than in those delivered through eutocic birth. In general, neonates delivered by cesarean section have greater depression and low vitality at birth and may require advanced resuscitation procedures. The evaluations carried out in this study identified newborns with low vitality and those requiring advanced resuscitation, thus allowing immediate intervention. Apgar and reflex scores for feline neonates were suggested. Newborn-specific clinical assessment with these feline vitality scores allows the identification of at-risk neonates. Care immediately after birth increases the chance of survival among these patients.

The aim of this study was to describe the normal values for maternal, fetal and neonatal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indexes in the time domain (standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval - SDNN; root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences - RMSSD) and the frequency domain (low frequency - LF; high frequency - HF; relationship between low and high frequency - LF/HF) in 23 Holstein cows, 23 fetuses and 18 neonates during the perinatal period. HR and HRV were calculated by fetomaternal electrocardiography (ECG). Fetomaternal measurements were taken six times prepartum (between days 234 and 279 of pregnancy) and measurements were taken in neonates six times after calving (after birth and five times weekly). HR, time and frequency domain were analyzed. No significant changes in maternal, fetal beat-to-beat interval (RR interval) or HR were found. In maternal variables, SDNN decreased significantly from 38.08±2.6ms (day 14 before calving) to 23.7±2.5ms (day 1 after calving) (p<0.05), but the RMSSD did not change significantly. HR and RR interval of calf differed statistically from the day before delivery (163±7.5bpm; 381±24.2ms) to the day after calving (131±5bpm; 472±16.2ms). Time variables (SDNN and RMSSD) and the frequency-domain variables (LF and HF) were significantly different (p<0.05) between fetal and neonatal stages. Reductions in the values of SDNN and RMSSD can reflect a sympathetic dominance. After calving, the increase in HF and decrease in LF variables can indicate activation of the vagal nerve followed by heart and respiratory modulation.

Intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) is used in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce azotaemia. Monitoring the cardiovascular system plays an important role in this treatment to detect cardiovascular repercussions. Heart rate variability (HRV) and dispersions of the QT interval and P wave are important markers for mortality risk in humans. This study aimed to describe the time-domain and frequency-domain heart rate variability indexes, P and QT dispersions and electrocardiographic alterations observed in dogs with Stage IV CKD undergoing IHD. Thirty dogs of both sexes, of varying ages and breeds, and weighing between 15 and 30 kg were used. Animals were divided into three groups, control (10 healthy dogs), clinical treatment (10 dogs with CKD IV submitted to clinical treatment twice a week) and IHD (10 dogs with CKD IV submitted to clinical treatment and to dialysis treatment with intermittent haemodialysis twice a week). Clinical, laboratory, HRV indexes and electrocardiographic parameters, as well as QT and P-wave dispersions, were assessed in both CKD groups, prior to and after the end of each clinical treatment/IHD session during the first three sessions. Dogs with CKD IV undergoing IHD had clinically important electrolyte imbalances, primarily hypokalaemia, and pertinent electrocardiographic findings, such as the occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias and increases in possible predictive parameters for arrhythmias. In spite of these observations, HRV indexes were better in animals undergoing haemodialysis and, in addition, IHD was more effective at reducing levels of creatinine, urea and phosphorus compared to intravenous fluid therapy treatment.