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The productivity of kennels and catteries is directly linked to maternal prolificacy and neonatal survival. During the neonatal period, mortality is high, not only due to environmental factors after birth but also with regard to gestational fetal life, complications during delivery, and management errors. Neonatology is an area of veterinary medicine where having a strong knowledge base of applied physiology and common clinical presentations for newborns can often favor better outcomes and greater neonatal survival. The teaching of animal theriogenology topics, particularly neonatal medicine, in the veterinary curriculum has evolved significantly in recent years. It is essential that the veterinarian understands the maternal and neonatal particularities and the main aspects involved in the handling of puppies and kittens for the instruction of the correct handling to the breeders and better medical conduct. The breeder of dogs and cats, experienced or not, must count on the help of a veterinarian in their breeding. Proper management, constant monitoring of the litter, and prompt assistance are the keys to successful breeding.

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The cardiovascular system in newborns has unique features; the system differs from that of foetuses due to the onset of pulmonary respiration and the closure of shunts and differs from that of adults due to heart and autonomic system immaturity. Twenty Ile de France lambs were evaluated during the first 35 days of life to describe changes in the electrical conduction of the heart and in the sympathetic and parasympathetic system during the neonatal period. Electrocardiographic evaluation and the sympathovagal balance was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) were performed, and ambulatory electrocardiography was performed with a Holter system from birth and at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. There was a significant difference in the duration of the PR and QT intervals and the T wave, as well as a decrease in the amplitude of the P, R and T waves for the evaluated moments. The heart rate and total QRS decreased progressively until 35 days, whereas the HRV indexes increased during the same period. The neonatal period requires care and attention, as several adaptations for neonate survival in the extrauterine environment occur during this period.Abbreviations: HRV: heart rate variability; PR, QT: electrocardiographic intervals; P, R and T: electrocardiographic waves; QRS: electrocardiographic complexes; I, II, III, aVL, aVF and aVL: electrocardiographic member derivations; FP: frontal plane of electrocardiogram; HR: heart rate; RR or NN: interval between two R waves in Holter evaluation; NNmed: the average value of all normal cycles measured during the Holter evaluation; RMSSD: square root of the average of successive differences squared between normal RR intervals measured during the Holter evaluation; pNN50: successive differences between the percentage of RR intervals greater than 50 ms in Holter evaluation ARTICLE HISTORY

ABSTRACT:Envenomations caused by Loxosceles (brown spider) have been reported throughout the world. Clinical signs associated to bites of these spiders involve dermonecrotic lesions and intense local inflammatory response, besides systemic manifestations such as intravascular hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure. The present study aimed to report and to describe dermonecrotic lesions probably caused by a Loxosceles envenomation in a four year-old poodle female dog, treated at the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil. Initially, the animal presented two skin lesions with blackish aspect that evolved into ulcerative crusts. The owner reported the presence of a brown spider near the place where the animal spent most of the time. Histological examination of lesions revealed necrosis of the epidermis extending to adnexa and panniculi, which is compatible with Loxosceles bite reaction. The animal was treated with systemic antibiotic and local curatives. Lesions healed by second intention in two months.

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