Do multidimensional intrinsic and extrinsic motivation profiles discriminate between athlete scholarship status and gender?

Kingston, Kieran; Horrocks, Chris; Hanton, Sheldon

doi:10.1080/17461390500440889

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…1). This result is at odds with previous research in the field of sport motivation of younger athletes [36,37,47]. Compared to co-aged recreational athletes, young athletes involved in competitive sport exhibit lower levels of intrinsic motivation [36].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Compared to co-aged recreational athletes, young athletes involved in competitive sport exhibit lower levels of intrinsic motivation [36]. Similarly, among young competitive athletes, higher performers exhibit higher levels of extrinsic motivation and amotivation than lower performers [37], and scholarship athletes exhibit less self-determined forms of motivation than non-scholarship athletes [47]. The cited authors suggested that high competitive pressure and rewards in sport may cause a shift toward a perceived external locus of causality in the athlete, which leads to a decrease in intrinsic motivation and an increase in extrinsic motivation and amotivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivation for sport participation in older Italian athletes: the role of age, gender and competition level

et al. 2009

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This study aimed at identifying whether age, competition level and gender influence motivation for sport participation in Italian senior athletes. Four hundred and thirty-three athletes aged 45-80 years participated in the study by completing the SMS questionnaire validated for this population. Separate scores for the 7 Extrinsic Motivation (EM), Intrinsic Motivation (IM) and Amotivation (AM) subscales of the SMS questionnaire, as well as a global self-determination index, were calculated. Psychometric testing did not fully support the factor structure of the SMS due to the presence of cross-loading items, suggesting that some items should be revisited to better fit the older athlete population. The analyses of the effects of age, competition level and gender on sport motivation of senior athletes showed a significant interaction between age (45-55, 55-65, >65 years) and competition level (local, regional, national, international) both for the global self-determination index and for the EM scale score. It suggests that the oldest athletes competing at local level are less supported by self-determination as compared to their younger counterparts or to age-matched athletes competing at national or international level and that EM may be a key motivational factor for the ageing athlete depending on his/her competition level. Despite the hypothesised influence of stereotyped gender role socialisation on self-determination of older athletes, no gender difference emerged.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation for sport participation in older Italian athletes: the role of age, gender and competition level

et al. 2009

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“…For example, though mixed findings have been reported regarding sex-related differences (Amorose & Horn, 2000), women tend to report more intrinsic motivation than men (Chantal, Guay, Dobreva-Martinova, & Vallerand, 1996;Fortier et al, 1995;Kingston, Horrocks, & Hanton, 2006). Sport type is also an important consideration.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Scholarship status was a discriminating factor in studies that considered the motivation of intercollegiate athletes in the United States. Again, however, the findings were mixed: some have reported that scholarship athletes have less self-determined motivational profiles than non-scholarship athletes (Kingston et al, 2006), others have claimed the opposite (Amorose & Horn, 2000), and a third group has reported no difference (Amorose & Horn, 2001).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 94%

A review of competitive sport motivation research

Clancy

Herring

MacIntyre

et al. 2016

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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a b s t r a c tObjectives: The purpose of this review was to synthesise contemporary research on competitive sport motivation (1995e2016) with a view to identifying trends and gaps in sample characteristics, research designs and analytical strategies, and classifying associated topics. Design: Narrative review. Method: Four databases were searched using a focused search strategy, leading to 63 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These were then evaluated in five sections: Theoretical Frameworks, Sample Characteristics, Research Designs, Analytical Strategies and Topics. Results: A total of 63 studies comprising 12,440 participants were appraised. The average sample size and participant age were 197 and 22.6 years, respectively. Just over half of the studies described their sample as high-level. The majority of studies were quantitative and employed a cross-sectional design. A range of innovative statistical analyses were used, with structural equation modelling being increasingly adopted. In addition to studies focusing on motivation as a stand-alone topic, researchers in the area also investigated its relationship with motivational climate, burnout, doping, perfectionism, injury, and several other related variables. Conclusions: After reviewing the body of research on this specific topic area, promising directions for future research are presented. The focused approach particularly seeks to encourage researchers to employ different methodologies, and prioritise underused topics in future research on competitive athlete groups. Furthermore, the review points to several practical implications for competitive sport stakeholders.

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“…Os mesmos autores ainda revelam que as três necessidades intrínsecas apresentam "equifinalidade", ou seja, elas são interdependentes e o desenvolvimento de uma gera o desenvolvimento das outras. É de salientar que outros estudos que relacionam o género com a motivação foram desenvolvidos em culturas diferentes, tendo demonstrado que não existe um consenso acerca dessa relação, isto é, não existe uma relação direta entre a variável género e as dimensões propostas pela autodeterminação (Fortier, Vallerand, Brière & Provencher, 1995;Halbrook, Blom, Hurley, Bell & Holden, 2012;Kingston, Horrocks & Hanton, 2006;Krinanthi, Konstantinos & Andreas, 2010;Pero et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introduçaounclassified

Diferenças em funcão do género das formas de motivação autodeterminada de atletas veteranos

et al. 2017

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O objetivo foi analisar as diferenças, em função do género, das formas da motivação autodeterminada e necessidades psicológicas básicas de atletas veteranos. A amostra foi composta por 320 atletas veteranos portugueses de ambos os géneros, de idades entre os 30 e os 60 anos (M=44 DP=8.6), competidores de várias modalidades. Como instrumentos de medida utilizou-se o Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) e o Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES). A análise de dados revelou que não existiam diferenças significativas quanto às formas de motivação autodeterminada, mostrando os atletas masculinos valores mais elevados de amotivação, regulação introjetada e motivação intrínseca. Porém, as atletas femininas apresentaram diferenças significativas a seu favor, na satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas. Este estudo apresenta-se como um contributo para a compreensão da função do desporto na promoção de bem-estar na população de veteranos, sendo de interesse aumentar a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas no género masculino.

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Do multidimensional intrinsic and extrinsic motivation profiles discriminate between athlete scholarship status and gender?

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Motivation for sport participation in older Italian athletes: the role of age, gender and competition level

Motivation for sport participation in older Italian athletes: the role of age, gender and competition level

A review of competitive sport motivation research

Diferenças em funcão do género das formas de motivação autodeterminada de atletas veteranos

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