The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of long-term university-industry collaboration on academic research productivity. Empirical evidence shows that in general, collaboration with industry positively affects scientific productivity. However, there is a lack of understanding of the long-term effect of collaboration. This paper addresses that concern through the use of a unique longitudinal and comprehensive dataset on university-industry collaboration in Brazil. The results show that over the long term, research groups that collaborate with industry present better scientific performance, allowing for the conclusion that long-term collaboration between research groups and firms has a positive effect on academic productivity.