Do experiments in the virtual world effectively predict how pedestrians evaluate electric vehicle sounds in the real world?

Singh, Sneha; Payne, Sarah R.; Mackrill, Jamie; Jennings, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.10.012

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some tones have been identified as annoying to respondents when employed as back-up alarms for electric vehicles, although this was not universal among those who took part in tests [68]. Attempting to produce a new sound similar to the noises made by a conventional vehicle could help alleviate this, along with education on other sounds made by electric vehicles, with participants' reactions to different electric vehicle sounds examined both in real-world and virtual environments [69]. Ensuring electric vehicles and their infrastructure remain as safe as conventional vehicles across all potential causes of harm is key to keeping the public perception of the vehicles positive, which would improve the probability of a consumer choosing an electric vehicle over a conventional one.…”

Section: Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

2021

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The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

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Section: Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

2021

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“…In the same study, distances were underestimated to a similar extent in both environments, supporting the idea that recent HMDs mitigate distance compression (Kelly et al, 2017). Sounds emitted by electric vehicles were detected later and considered less recognizable in VR, although pleasantness rankings were equal to a physical street (Singh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Pedestrian Behavior In Virtual and Nonvirtual Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Crossing Decisions in Virtual Environments: Behavioral Validity in CAVEs and Head-Mounted Displays

et al. 2021

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Objective To contribute to the validation of virtual reality (VR) as a tool for analyzing pedestrian behavior, we compared two types of high-fidelity pedestrian simulators to a test track. Background While VR has become a popular tool in pedestrian research, it is uncertain to what extent simulator studies evoke the same behavior as nonvirtual environments. Method An identical experimental procedure was replicated in a CAVE automatic virtual environment (CAVE), a head-mounted display (HMD), and on a test track. In each group, 30 participants were instructed to step forward whenever they felt the gap between two approaching vehicles was adequate for crossing. Results Our analyses revealed distinct effects for the three environments. Overall acceptance was highest on the test track. In both simulators, crossings were initiated later, but a relationship between gap size and crossing initiation was apparent only in the CAVE. In contrast to the test track, vehicle speed significantly affected acceptance rates and safety margins in both simulators. Conclusion For a common decision task, the results obtained in virtual environments deviate from those in a nonvirtual test bed. The consistency of differences indicates that restrictions apply when predicting real-world behavior based on VR studies. In particular, the higher susceptibility to speed effects warrants further investigation, since it implies that differences in perceptual processing alter experimental outcomes. Application Our observations should inform the conclusions drawn from future research in pedestrian simulators, for example by accounting for a higher sensitivity to speed variations and a greater uncertainty associated with crossing decisions.

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“…Zhang et al [23] developed dynamic and mathematical models to study the torsional vibration characteristics of a hybrid powertrain, and identify the noise sources of the hybrid electric vehicle in various driving modes by noise and vibration experiments. Singh et al [24] developed a methodology to evaluate the sound of an electric vehicle in a virtual-world environment. Therein, experimental results have shown that the virtualworld methodology presented accurately predicts pedestrians' evaluation of detectability of electric vehicle (EV) sounds and the pleasantness of the vehicle brand in the corresponding real-world scenario.…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Noise and Vibration Characteristics for a Dual-Motor Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Zou

Yang

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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This paper investigates the abnormal noise and vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle during the electric-only driving mode. The sources of the noise and vibration are first identified through the frequency analysis, and then several measures are implemented to reduce the noise and vibration level. The experimental results have identified the gear meshing in the compound planetary gear set is the main source of the noise and vibration. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that gear pairs of the short planet-small sun gear and short planet-long planet in the compound planetary gear set contribute to the main noise and vibration of the hybrid system in the electric-only driving mode. This research also shows that the gearmeshing noise level in the compound planetary gear set can be decreased significantly by matching the engagement parameters, such as meshing stiffness, tooth error, and pitch error. The observation results in this paper are able to provide a practical reference for improving the ride comfort of hybrid electric vehicles in the future study. INDEX TERMS Noise and vibration, hybrid electric vehicle, ride comfort.

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Do experiments in the virtual world effectively predict how pedestrians evaluate electric vehicle sounds in the real world?

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Pedestrian Crossing Decisions in Virtual Environments: Behavioral Validity in CAVEs and Head-Mounted Displays

Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Noise and Vibration Characteristics for a Dual-Motor Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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