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This paper investigates the abnormal noise and vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle during the electric-only driving mode. The sources of the noise and vibration are first identified through the frequency analysis, and then several measures are implemented to reduce the noise and vibration level. The experimental results have identified the gear meshing in the compound planetary gear set is the main source of the noise and vibration. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that gear pairs of the short planet-small sun gear and short planet-long planet in the compound planetary gear set contribute to the main noise and vibration of the hybrid system in the electric-only driving mode. This research also shows that the gearmeshing noise level in the compound planetary gear set can be decreased significantly by matching the engagement parameters, such as meshing stiffness, tooth error, and pitch error. The observation results in this paper are able to provide a practical reference for improving the ride comfort of hybrid electric vehicles in the future study. INDEX TERMS Noise and vibration, hybrid electric vehicle, ride comfort.

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A comparative study of model predictive control (MPC) schemes and robust $$H_{\infty }$$ H ∞ state feedback control (RSC) method for trajectory tracking is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to compare MPC and RSC controllers’ performance in tracking predefined trajectory under different scenarios. MPC controller is designed based on the simple longitudinal-yaw-lateral motions of a single-track vehicle with a linear tire, which is an approximation of the more realistic model of a vehicle with double-track motion with a non-linear tire mode. RSC is designed on the basis of the same method as adopted for the MPC controller to achieve a fair comparison. Then, three test cases are built in CarSim-Simulink joint platform. Specifically, the verification test is used to test the tracking accuracy of MPC and RSC controller under well road conditions. Besides, the double lane change test with low road adhesion is designed to find the maximum velocity that both controllers can carry out while guaranteeing stability. Furthermore, an extreme curve test is built where the road adhesion changes suddenly, in order to test the performance of both controllers under extreme conditions. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of MPC and RSC under different scenarios are also discussed.

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