Do Bilinguals Activate Phonological Representations in One or Both of Their Languages When Naming Words?

Jared, Debra; Kroll, Judith F.

doi:10.1006/jmla.2000.2747

Cited by 332 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Similar context effects on the degree of cross-lingual activation, but not imposed by a linguistic sentence context, have been reported for example by Jared and Kroll (2001). Using English-French bilinguals, they showed that L1 words with L2 word-body enemies (e.g.…”

Section: Visual Word Recognition By Bilinguals In a Sentence Context:supporting

confidence: 68%

“…This suggests that the language of a sentence may indeed be used as a cue to guide lexical access. However, whereas the study of Altarriba et al (1996) provides evidence for this general principle, because it used code-switched, high-constraint sentences , it cannot provide an answer to the question of lexical autonomy in regular, unilingual language processing with less artificially constrained sentences.Similar context effects on the degree of cross-lingual activation, but not imposed by a linguistic sentence context, have been reported for example by Jared and Kroll (2001). Using English-French bilinguals, they showed that L1 words with L2 word-body enemies (e.g.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…Recently, a few studies have shown that the languageindependent lexical access claim also holds for phonological representations. For example, Duyck (2005) has shown that masked nonword primes are coded through L1 grapheme conversion rules when reading L2 target words (and vice versa), suggesting that phonological representations from one language may be activated when reading in another language (see also Jared & Kroll, 2001).Because the ongoing debate has almost been settled in favor of this language-independent lexical access hypothesis (for both orthographic and phonological lexical representations), it may be time to put into question the ecological validity and generalizability of these studies on lexical autonomy. Whereas almost all these studies have investigated the recognition of words presented in isolation, word recognition in both L1 and L2 rarely occurs out of context.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual word recognition by bilinguals in a sentence context: Evidence for nonselective lexical access.

Duyck¹,

Assche²,

Drieghe³

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

220

274

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Recent research on bilingualism has shown that lexical access in visual word recognition by bilinguals is not selective with respect to language. The present study investigated language-independent lexical access in bilinguals reading sentences, which constitutes a strong unilingual linguistic context. In the first experiment, Dutch-English bilinguals performing a L2 lexical decision task were faster to recognize identical and non-identical cognate words (e.g. banaan -banana) presented in isolation than control words.A second experiment replicated this effect when the same set of cognates was presented as the final words of low-constraint sentences. In a third experiment using eyetracking, we showed that early target reading time measures also yield cognate facilitation, but only for identical cognates. These results suggest that a sentence context may influence, but does not nullify, cross-lingual lexical interactions during early visual word recognition by bilinguals. Keywords: bilingualism, visual word recognition, sentence context, cognate Bilingual Word Recognition in Sentences 3Visual Word Recognition by Bilinguals in a Sentence Context: Evidence for Non-selective Lexical AccessDuring the last decade, research on visual word recognition in bilinguals has been dominated by studies investigating whether both languages are processed by functionally and structurally independent systems or not. The most intuitively appealing theory about this issue would probably be that bilinguals have two separate language systems and lexicons: one for the native language (L1) and one for the second language ( L2). However, a lot of evidence has been gathered against this hypothesis: interlingual interactions have been observed at different representational levels, even when bilinguals are processing unilingual sets of words and therefore have no reason to keep an irrelevant language active. Thus far, the majority of these studies have focused on orthographic lexical representations. They have consistently shown that access to these representations is not language specific. Orthographic lexical representations from L2 are accessed during (and interact early with) L1 reading and vice versa (e.g., Dijkstra, Timmermans, & Schriefers, 2000;Dijkstra, Grainger, & Van Heuven, 1999;Van Hell & Dijkstra, 2002; for a recent review, see Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 2002). Recently, a few studies have shown that the languageindependent lexical access claim also holds for phonological representations. For example, Duyck (2005) has shown that masked nonword primes are coded through L1 grapheme conversion rules when reading L2 target words (and vice versa), suggesting that phonological representations from one language may be activated when reading in another language (see also Jared & Kroll, 2001).Because the ongoing debate has almost been settled in favor of this language-independent lexical access hypothesis (for both orthographic and phonological lexical representations), it may be time to put into question the ecological validity and ...

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Section: Visual Word Recognition By Bilinguals In a Sentence Context:supporting

confidence: 68%

supporting

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Visual word recognition by bilinguals in a sentence context: Evidence for nonselective lexical access.

Duyck¹,

Assche²,

Drieghe³

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

220

274

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…W. Green, 1998;Hermans, Bongaerts, De Bot, & Schreuder, 1998;Jared & Kroll, 2001;Rodriguez-Fornells et al, 2005;Van Hell & Dijkstra, 2002). More recent evidence for this joint interaction has isolated specific effects on phonological production in the target language (Costa, Roelstraete, & Hartsuiker, 2006) and shown the persistence of such influences even for two languages that are written in different types of writing systems (Hoshino & Kroll, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

Bialystok

Craik

Luk

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

653

771

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Ninety-six participants, who were younger (20 years) or older (68 years) adults and either monolingual or bilingual, completed tasks assessing working memory, lexical retrieval, and executive control. Younger participants performed most of the tasks better than older participants, confirming the effect of aging on these processes. The effect of language group was different for each type of task: Monolinguals and bilinguals performed similarly on working memory tasks, monolinguals performed better on lexical retrieval tasks, and bilinguals performed better on executive control tasks, with some evidence for larger language group differences in older participants on the executive control tasks. These results replicate findings from individual studies obtained using only 1 type of task and different participants. The confirmation of this pattern in the same participants is discussed in terms of a suggested explanation of how the need to manage 2 language systems leads to these different outcomes for cognitive and linguistic functions.

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“…We illustrate the logic of the latter approach with the following example. One widely accepted view of bilingual lexical access is its nonselective nature (e.g., Jared & Kroll, 2001;Schwartz, Kroll, & Diaz, 2007;van Hell & Dijkstra, 2002). In lexical decision and naming tasks, even bilinguals who are highly proficient in the second language (L2) are faster to respond to cognates (words that have similar form and meaning across two languages) than to noncognate controls, suggesting that bilinguals nonselectively activate orthographic and phonological codes in the two languages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage frequencies of complement-taking verbs in Spanish and English: Data from Spanish monolinguals and Spanish—English bilinguals

Dussias

Marful

Gerfen

et al. 2010

Behavior Research Methods

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Studies of sentence comprehension that have employed different methodologies, tasks, and modes of language processing converge on the conclusion that a verb's subcategorization frame and subcategorization frequency influence reading speed and processing difficulty during sentence comprehension (e.g., Garnsey, Pearlmutter, Myers, & Lotocky, 1997; Hare, McRae, & Elman, 2003;MacDonald, 1994;MacDonald, Pearlmutter, & Seidenberg, 1994a, 1994bTrueswell, Tanenhaus, & Kello, 1993;. The term subcategorization frame denotes the order and category of the constituentsfor example, noun phrase (NP), prepositional phrase (PP), adverbial phrase (AdvP), complementizer phrase (CP)-co-occurring with particular verbs. Thus, believe can occur in the slots in one of the following subcategorization frames: NP__ NP (John believes the story); NP__CP (John believes that the story was true); NP__ PP (John believes in Mary); or NP__AdvP (John believes so). Subcategorization frequency-also referred to in the psycholinguistic literature as verb bias-refers to a verb's preferential subcategorization frame. In the example above, believe not only subcategorizes for different types of complements, but also appears with each complement with different probabilities. According to some sources (e.g., Gahl, Jurafsky, & Roland, Verb bias, or the tendency of a verb to appear with a certain type of complement, has been employed in psycholinguistic literature as a tool to test competing models of sentence processing. To date, the vast majority of sentence processing research involving verb bias has been conducted almost exclusively with monolingual speakers, and predominantly with monolingual English speakers, despite the fact that most of the world's population is bilingual. To test the generality of competing theories of sentence comprehension, it is important to conduct cross-linguistic studies of sentence processing and to add bilingual data to theories of sentence comprehension. Given this, it is critical for the field to develop verb bias estimates from monolingual speakers of languages other than English and from bilingual populations. We begin to address these issues in two norming studies. Study 1 provides verb bias norming data for 135 Spanish verbs. A second aim of Study 1was to determine whether verb bias estimates remain stable over time. In Study 2, we asked whether Spanish-English speakers are able to learn verb-specific information, such as verb bias, in their second language. The answer to this question is critical to conducting studies that examine when, during the course of sentence comprehension, bilingual speakers exploit verb information specific to the second language. To facilitate cross-linguistic work, we compared our verb bias results with those provided by monolingual English speakers in a previous norming study conducted by Garnsey, Lotocky, Pearlmutter, and Myers (1997). Our Spanish data demonstrated that individual verbs showed significant similarities in their verb bias across the 3 years of data collection. We also show...

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Do Bilinguals Activate Phonological Representations in One or Both of Their Languages When Naming Words?

Cited by 332 publications

References 36 publications

Visual word recognition by bilinguals in a sentence context: Evidence for nonselective lexical access.

Visual word recognition by bilinguals in a sentence context: Evidence for nonselective lexical access.

Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

Usage frequencies of complement-taking verbs in Spanish and English: Data from Spanish monolinguals and Spanish—English bilinguals

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