DNA barcoding of the family Phryganeidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with particular reference to phylogeny, distribution and conservation biology

Abstract

A.: DNA barcoding of the family Phryganeidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with particular reference to phylogeny, distribution and conservation biology. Nat. Croat., Vol. 28, No. 2., 305-323, 2019, Zagreb.In Europe the Phryganeidae family comprises 7 genera and 20 species. In Croatia, 6 species have been recorded from this family, and four of them recorded and collected in the last five years have been DNA barcoded. In terms of faunistic research, most interesting is the record of Trichostegia minor Curtis, 1834 from the region of the Gacka River in Lika, in upland Croatia. Up to now four species have been included in the BOLD system with 6 DNA-barcoded specimens. From the Gacka River area, 11 specimens of 8 species, including T. minor, have been barcoded and included into the BOLD system. Phylogenetic research based on DNA barcode data has shown some interesting results. Specimen of T. minor collected in the area of the Gacka River is clustered with a specimen of this species from Austria into a separate subgroup, which shows minor molecular specifics. Phylogenetic analysis has confirmed the justification of the status of a subspecies from Mongolia, Phryganea grandis rotundata Ulmer, 1905.Future Trichoptera fauna research in Croatia will continue investigations of the family Phryganeidae in various parts of the country for the purpose of ascertaining the detailed distribution of all the species recorded, to enable finding some other previously missing species, as well as collecting and DNA barcoding of Hagenella clathrata (Kolenati, 1848) and Oligostomis reticulata (Linnaeus, 1761). With respect to these species, the data will also be useful for the area of conservation biology, necessary for their protection and for the protection of the sites in which they occur, for it is clear that these are very rare species in Croatia, T. minor also belonging to this group: 50% of the species from this family recorded in Croatia are rare and very rare species. Kučinić, M. et al.: DNA barcoding of the family Phryganeidae in Croatia with particular reference to ...306 Kučinić, M., Ćukušić, A., Cerjanec, D., Podnar, M., Plantak, M., Žalac, S., Ćuk, R., Vučković, I., Ibrahimi, H. & Delić, A.: DNA barkodiranje porodice Phryganeidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) u Hrvatskoj, s posebnim osvrtom na filogeniju, rasprostranjenost i konzervacijsku biologiju. Nat. Croat., Vol. 28, No. 2., 305-323, 2019, Zagreb. Porodica Phryganeidae broji u Europi 7 rodova i 20 vrsta. Iz ove porodice na području Hrvatske utvrđeno je 6 vrsta, od kojih su DNA barkodirane četiri vrste, zabilježene i prikupljene u posljednjih pet godina. Faunistički najzanimljiviji je nalaz vrste Trichostegia minor Curtis, 1834 s područja rijeke Gacke (regija Lika), gorska Hrvatska. U BOLD bazu upisane su četiri vrste sa šest DNA barkodiranih primjeraka. S područja rijeke Gacke je DNA barkodirano i upisano u BOLD bazu 11 primjeraka s osam vrsta, uključujući i vrstu T. minor. Filogenetska istraživanja temeljena na analizi DNA barkod podataka pokazala su zanimljive rezultate...

Springs: DNA barcoding of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with notes on taxonomy and conservation biology

“…DNA barcode sequences were submitted to the ABGD online website and analysed under the following settings: P (prior intraspecific divergence) set from 0.001 (Pmin) to 0.08 (Pmax) and Steps set to 10; X (minimum relative gap width) set to 1; Nb bins (for distance distribution) set to 20; we selected the Kimura (K80) model and set TS/TV to 2.0. The data set for phylo- genetic analysis comprised the DNA barcodes amplified from Rhyacophila cabrankensis Malicky, Previšić & Kučinić, 2007 (TRCAB_1), R. vulgaris Pictet, 1834 (TRVUL) and the outgroup species Anabolia furcata Brauer, 1857 (TAFUR_1), along with all available Rhyacophila barcode sequences retrieved from the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD; Ratnasingham & Hebert, 2007) Due to the more detailed presentation of DNA barcoded caddisflies in the springs in this study we included also the DNA barcoding data presented in previous studies (Kučinić et al, 2016, 2019a. Additionally, there are some corrections of previous data; Agrypnia varia (Fabricius, 1793) for the Ruda spring (specimen ID TA-VAR_2; BOLD Sequence ID CROTR078-19) given in Kučinić et al (2019a) actually relates to the Grab spring, which is corrected in this paper (Tab.…”

“…The data set for phylo- genetic analysis comprised the DNA barcodes amplified from Rhyacophila cabrankensis Malicky, Previšić & Kučinić, 2007 (TRCAB_1), R. vulgaris Pictet, 1834 (TRVUL) and the outgroup species Anabolia furcata Brauer, 1857 (TAFUR_1), along with all available Rhyacophila barcode sequences retrieved from the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD; Ratnasingham & Hebert, 2007) Due to the more detailed presentation of DNA barcoded caddisflies in the springs in this study we included also the DNA barcoding data presented in previous studies (Kučinić et al, 2016, 2019a. Additionally, there are some corrections of previous data; Agrypnia varia (Fabricius, 1793) for the Ruda spring (specimen ID TA-VAR_2; BOLD Sequence ID CROTR078-19) given in Kučinić et al (2019a) actually relates to the Grab spring, which is corrected in this paper (Tab. 2), and M. wageneri Malicky, 1971 was not found at the spring Palje in Konavle (Kučinić et al, 2017) but at the spring in Vodovađa village (Tab.…”

“…Each year thousands of new species within various groups of organisms are described, and the introduction of DNA barcoding based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (mtCOI), along with the establishment of the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) (Hebert et al, 2003a(Hebert et al, , 2003bRatnasingham & Hebert, 2007) resulted in new aspects of global biodiversity on Earth. DNA barcoding has proved to be a useful method in studies of the taxonomy, phylogenesis, phylogeography and biodiversity of different groups of organisms (for example Amora et al 2015;Brehm et al, 2019;Cárdenas et al, 2013;De Barros Machado et al, 2017;Dela Cruz et al, 2016;Elías-Gutiérrez et al, 2008;Guo et al, 2016;Huemer et al, 2020;Kučinić et al, 2019aKučinić et al, , 2019bLéger et al, 2020;Pauls et al, 2009;Santos et al 2016;Tyagi et al, 2017;Vaglia et al 2008;Vijayan & Tsou, 2010;Yang et al, 2015).…”

“…Regarding Trichoptera, DNA barcoding has been used in numerous studies in different regions (for example Geraci et al 2011;Hjalmarsson et al, 2018;Morinière et al, 2017;Pauls et al 2010;Valladolid et al, 2018Valladolid et al, , 2019Zhou et al, 2016) and that approach has been also applied in Croatia (for example Ćukušić, 2019;Ćukušić et al, 2017;Kučinić et al, 2013Kučinić et al, , 2019aKučinić et al, , 2019bSzivák et al, 2017).…”

“…In this paper we provide (1) an overview of DNA barcoded species of Trichoptera collected in springs in different parts of Croatia, including some literature data (Kučinić et al, 2016, 2019a; (2) a review of some preliminary taxonomic features; (3) some aspects of threats to the caddisfly spring fauna and their conservation.…”