DNA Barcodes for Nearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera)

Abstract

BackgroundMany studies have shown the suitability of sequence variation in the 5′ region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene as a DNA barcode for the identification of species in a wide range of animal groups. We examined 471 species in 147 genera of Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha drawn from specimens in the Canadian National Collection of Insects to assess the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in this group.Methodology/Principal FindingsAnalysis of the COI gene revealed less than 2% intra-specific divergence in 93% of the taxa examined, while minimum interspecific distances exceeded 2% in 70% of congeneric species pairs. Although most species are characterized by a distinct sequence cluster, sequences for members of many groups of closely related species either shared sequences or showed close similarity, with 25% of species separated from their nearest neighbor by less than 1%.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study, although preliminary, provides DNA barcodes for about 8% of the species of this hemipteran suborder found in North America north of Mexico. Barcodes can enable the identification of many species of Auchenorrhyncha, but members of some species groups cannot be discriminated. Future use of DNA barcodes in regulatory, pest management, and environmental applications will be possible as the barcode library for Auchenorrhyncha expands to include more species and broader geographic coverage.

DNA barcodes for bio-surveillance: regulated and economically important arthropod plant pests

“…The use of barcode data to identify species (Rakauskas and Basilova 2013) as opposed to BINs requires the species in question be represented in the barcode reference library (Ekrem et al 2007). Because the barcode reference library now includes records for many agricultural and forestry pests (Ashfaq et al 2014;Foottit et al 2014;Raupach et al 2014), newly encountered specimens of these species can be identified through barcode analysis. As well, the extension of DNA barcoding protocols onto next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms (Shokralla et al 2014) is enabling metabarcoding studies that permit large-scale assessments of species composition (Taberlet et al 2012), an approach of high importance in monitoring plant pests.…”

A new cost‐effective and fast direct PCR protocol for insects based on PBS buffer

“…In sensitivity test, the optimal sample amounts for the developed protocol were determined. The results demonstrated that the developed protocol has similar sensitivity to the conventional extraction method, which requires at least a single leg for large insects (Foottit, Maw, & Hebert, ; Hebert et al, ; Oba, Ohira, Murase, Moriyama, & Kumazawa, ) and multiple legs or whole bodies for smaller insects (Gutiérrez, Vivero, Vélez, Porter, & Uribe, ; Hebert & Gregory, ). This makes it highly useful for cases where the samples are degraded (i.e.…”

Integrative insect taxonomy based on morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and hyperspectral reflectance profiling

“…2004; Foottit et al, 2014). Interestingly, RodriguezFernandez et al (2011) suggested that spectroscopy may actually fit that metaphor (species barcoding) much better, and may be a true 'barcoding of life', interacting with morphological, genomic, or geographic data.…”

“…The branch support values of each clade were estimated by bootstraping 1000 replicates (Felsenstein, 1985;Yang et al, 2012;Bluemel et al, 2014), and neighbour-joining (NJ) and minimum-evolution (ME) trees based on distance were constructed in MEGA. To obtain results directly comparable with the existing COI barcode literature for Hemiptera (Kamitani, 2011;Park et al, 2011;Foottit, Maw & Hebert, 2014), the genetic distances within and among lineages were estimated based only on COI data. Trees were constructed based on COI data alone and combined COI + 16S data, respectively.…”