Diversity of fungi associated with rhizosphere of healthy and diseased garlic crop

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayah BN, Herawati N, Aisah AR, Utami NR. 2021. Diversity of fungi associated with rhizosphere of healthy and diseased garlic crop. Biodiversitas 22: 1433-1440. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an especially important horticultural crop in Indonesia because it is used as a cooking spice and for medicines and cosmetic ingredients. It is mostly grown in irrigated highlands; however Indonesian production is only supplying at most 17.5% of domestic demand. West Nusa Tenggara (WNT) Province is one of the largest garlic-producing regions in Indonesia. Currently, garlic cultivation in WNT Province is facing a problem of root rot disease. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the fungi associated with garlic root rot disease. Research was conducted in June – September 2018 and samples were collected from Sembalun highlands (1200 m above sea level). Seventeen fungal isolates were collected from the rhizosphere of the garlic crops and fourteen of them were identified. The fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy garlic crops were from the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces. While the fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of diseased garlic crops were from the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Fusarium, and Phoma. The genus Fusarium and Phoma are well known as plant pathogens.

Microbial exploration from two different ecosystems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…Hyphae are septate, branched mycelium is usually colorless, conidia oval shape is a specific feature of the fungus Penicillium sp. (Ratnawati et al 2020;Hidayah et al 2021).…”

Wood decomposers on six community timber species in two different locations

“…was mainly found on manii and pine wood samples since the first month of feeding. Hidayah et al (2021) stated that Aspergillus is a fungus commonly found in soil and overgrows and is antagonistic to other fungi. Its mechanisms occur through competition, mycoparasitic, and antibiosis.…”

Diversity of insect carried-fungi in chili (Capsicum annuum) crop at Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia

“…Observations both macroscopically and microscopically correspond to the characteristics of Fusarium sp. The characters were mycelium proliferates in cultures resembling cotton, and often the mycelium is slightly pink, purple, or yellow in the media; variation in conidiophores, having a cylindrical shape, simple or strong, short, irregularly branched or connected to a phyalida, or collected in sporodochia; hyaline conidia, two forms often attached to the tips; the macroconidia consist of several cells, have a slightly curved shape or are bent at the ends; single-cell microconidia have an ovoid shape, single or in chains; some conidia sometimes consist of 2 or 3 cells, rectangular or slightly curved (Hidayah et al 2021). According to Funder (1953), conidia develop directly on the side of the hyphae without any detectable conidiophores called sessile and lateral (on the sides).…”

“…Penicillium sp. has septate hyphae and forms conidia (Hidayah et al 2021). Conidia have branches called phialides, which look like a bubble (Mirsam et al 2022).…”

“…Conidial stalks are called conidiophores. The fruit body usually has a broom-like shape followed by a chainlike sterigma and conidia (Hidayah et al 2021).…”