Diversity of Floral Glands and Their Secretions in Pollinator Attraction

Tölke, Elisabeth Dantas; Capelli, Natalie do Valle; Pastori, Tamara; Alencar, Ana Cláudia; Cole, Theodor C. H.; Demarco, Diego

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_48-2

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…A similar transport of aromatic secretions via microchannels into the environment was observed in the osmophores of Orbea variegata [40] and Passiflora superosa [41,42]. However, cuticular diffusion related to the lipophilic nature of the cutin is recognized as the most common way of releasing fragrance by plants [37,43,44]. Some plants (Acianthera) have been described to release secretory products (e.g., essential oil) through stomata [45].…”

Section: Secretory Activity Of Corolla Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…As reported by other authors, lipid droplets may be transported in small vesicles to periplasmic and intercellular spaces [45]. In many plants, the exchange of substances between secretory cells occurs via vesicles and/or via plasmodesmata (symplast route) [37]. In the case of the C. cyanus ray florets, there were no plasmodesmata in the parenchyma cell walls.…”

Section: Secretory Activity Of Corolla Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The present study demonstrated that the epidermis cells of petals in the C. cyanus ray florets released fragrant secretory products. Floral tissues secreting such products, i.e., osmophores, produce trichomes and papillae in the epidermis, or the epidermis is composed of cells with a simple cubic form [37]. The epidermis of C. cyanus ray florets is an osmophore similar to the latter type.…”

Section: Secretory Activity Of Corolla Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secretory Products in Petals of Centaurea cyanus L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Centaurea cyanus L. is a medicinal plant whose flowers are widely used in herbal medicine. The aim of the study was to localise flower tissues that are responsible for the production of secretory products in petals and to analyse the volatile compounds. The volatile compounds of the flowers of this species have not been investigated to date. (2) Methods: Light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used in the study. Lipophilic compounds were localised in the tissues using histochemical assays. Volatile compounds were determined with the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). (3) Results: The study showed production of secretion in the petal parenchyma, whose ultrastructure has features of a secretory tissue. The lipophilic secretion was localised in the cells and intercellular spaces of the parenchyma and in the walls and surface of epidermal cells, where it accumulated after release through cuticle microchannels. Sesquiterpenes were found to constitute the main group of volatile compounds, with the highest content of β-caryophyllene (26.17%) and α-humulene (9.77%). (4) Conclusions: Given the presence of some volatile components that are often found in resins (caryophyllene, delta-cadinene) and the abundant secretion residues on the epidermal surface, we suppose that the C. cyanus secretion released by the flowers is a resinaceous mixture (oleoresin), which is frequently found in plants, as shown by literature data. This secretion may play an important role in the therapeutic effects of C. cyanus flowers.

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Section: Secretory Activity Of Corolla Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Secretory Activity Of Corolla Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Secretory Activity Of Corolla Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secretory Products in Petals of Centaurea cyanus L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds

et al. 2022

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“…Inside the floral tube, epidermal cells have a papillate surface that does not react to osmophores when stained with neutral red; it is likely that the papillate cells are related to nectar resorption (Stpiczyñska, 2003; Stpiczyñska & Nepi, 2006) by other floral parts than the nectary itself, as found in Linaria vulgaris (L.) Mill., Scrophulariaceae (Nepi, Pacini, Nencini, Collavoli, & Franchi, 2003). Additionally, in C. marginatum , the osmophore and nectary have lipids in the cells; thus, both secretory structures may emit an odor (Baudino, Caissard, Bergougnoux, Jullien, Magnard, Scalliet, Cook, & Hugueney, 2007; Tölke, Capelli, Pastori, Alencar, Cole, & Demarco, 2019), which may increase the attractiveness of the flower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Sigrist

Leme

Fabiano

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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Chrysophyllum (Chrysophylloideae, Chrysophylleae) is the second largest genus in the Sapotaceae. Studies of pollination ecology in this genus are non‐existent, although there are records of entomophily for this family. Considering the lack of detailed studies on pollination ecology and sexual systems in Chrysophyllum species, we investigate the floral morphology and biology and floral visitors of Chrysophyllum marginatum to verify which sexual system is present in the studied population and whether flowers of this species are visited and pollinated by different insect groups. The population of C. marginatum has weak and cryptic gynomonoecy because the plants produce a low percentage of functionally pistillate flowers (4.2%) and these flowers appear to be perfect flowers (hermaphrode). Flowers of C. marginatum are phenotypically, ecologically and functionally generalist because: (a) they are actinomorphic, open and not restrictive in terms of access to floral resources; (b) they are visited by 26 species of insects that are potential pollinators; and (c) among these species several groups can be effective pollinators, mainly bees and flies, according to the most effective pollinator principle. We consider bees and flies to be the main pollinator group of C. marginatum, due to their high visitation rate, richness and intrafloral visiting behavior, and because they especially forage among plant individuals and are able to promote xenogamy. Nectaries were found in the ovary base and osmophores in the petal margins, as floral attractants. For Chrysophyllum, this is the first record of gynomonoecy and for the family this is considered the second record. Chrysophyllum marginatum has generalist and entomophilous pollination, as recorded in other Sapotaceae Neotropical species.

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“…Los tricomas nectaríferos florales han sido registrados en algunos grupos de plantas (Vogel, 1997;Lopes et al, 2002;Stpiczyńska et al, 2018;Tölke et al, 2018;Tölke et al, 2019). Sin embargo, estos son característicos de la mayoría de las Malvaceae, en esta familia se ha indicado la presencia de tricomas nectaríferos multicelulares glandulares densamente agrupados en la superficie del cáliz, corola y algunas veces en la base del andróforo o androginóforo (Sawidis et al, 1987;Judd & Manchester, 1997;Vogel, 2000;Bayer & Kubitzki, 2003;Espolador-Leitão et al, 2005;Goldberg, 2009;Lattar et al, 2009;Muneratto et al, 2014;Lattar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Microsporogénesis y micromorfología del polen de la planta Alcea rosea (Malvaceae)

Barón

Torres-Rodríguez²,

Passarelli³

et al. 2021

Rev. Biol. Trop.

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Introducción: Los estudios sobre microsporogénesis, micromorfología y estructura de los granos de polen en Malvaceae son escasos. Objetivos: Describir el proceso de microsporogénesis y aspectos micromorfológicos de los granos de polen en A. rosea. Métodos: Se procesaron más de 30 andróforos de acuerdo con los protocolos estándar para incrustar y seccionar en parafina. Las secciones obtenidas se tiñeron con azul de Safranina-Alcian, las anteras inmaduras y no fijadas se tiñeron con azul de anilina. Se procesaron secciones de resina adicionales de los andróforos y se tiñeron con azul de toluidina. Se observaron secciones ultrafinas con microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM). Para la observación con microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), el material se fijó y deshidrató en 2,2 dimetoxipropano, luego se secó hasta un punto crítico y se recubrieron con oro. Resultados: las anteras se diferencian de una masa celular en los extremos distales de los filamentos del estambre. La pared de la antera madura presenta una capa externa de células epidérmicas y una capa interna, el endotecio. Las células madre de microesporas se dividen por mitosis y luego experimentan meiosis para formar tétradas. El tapete es inicialmente celular y forma una sola capa de células y luego pierde integridad celular al invadir el lóculo de microsporangio, formando un periplasmodio. Durante la formación de la esporodermis, primero se deposita la exina y luego la intina. Para el momento de la liberación de los granos de polen, el tapete se ha degenerado por completo. Los granos de polen son pantoporados, apolares, con simetría radial, esferoidales, con espinas, bacula, gránulos y microgránulos. El tectum está perforado con foveolea dispuesta homogéneamente en toda la superficie y con polenkit. La exina es ancha (5-6 µm) y consta de una endexina gruesa de 3.5 a 4 µm y una ektexina fina (0.6-0.7 µm). La ultraestructura muestra columelas claramente definidas formando el infratectum. Se aprecian tricomas nectaríferos unicelulares glandulares capitados (TG) cubriendo toda la superficie de los filamentos de los estambres. Conclusiones: La estructura y desarrollo de las anteras sigue los patrones conocidos de las angiospermas. La microsporogénesis simultánea y el depósito centrípeto de la esporodermis se han descrito previamente para Malvaceae.

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Diversity of Floral Glands and Their Secretions in Pollinator Attraction

Cited by 8 publications

References 230 publications

Secretory Products in Petals of Centaurea cyanus L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds

Secretory Products in Petals of Centaurea cyanus L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Microsporogénesis y micromorfología del polen de la planta Alcea rosea (Malvaceae)

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