Diversity and Phylogeny of <i>Cardinium</i> (Bacteroidetes) in Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

Gruwell, Matthew E.; Wu, Jin; Normark, Benjamin B.

doi:10.1603/008.102.0613

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…has been confirmed in a number of species of armoured scale insects and the presence of Cardinium spp. has also been shown to coincide with several incidences of parthenogenesis (Gruwell, Wu & Normark, 2009). However, not all cases of parthenogenesis in armoured scale insects could be attributed to Cardinium spp.…”

Section: Inter‐genomic Conflict: Host‐symbiont Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genomic conflict in scale insects: the causes and consequences of bizarre genetic systems

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is now clear that mechanisms of sex determination are extraordinarily labile, with considerable variation across all taxonomic levels. This variation is often expressed through differences in the genetic system (XX-XY, XX-XO, haplodiploidy, and so on). Why there is so much variation in such a seemingly fundamental process has attracted much attention, with recent ideas concentrating on the possible role of genomic conflicts of interest. Here we consider the role of inter- and intra-genomic conflicts in one large insect taxon: the scale insects. Scale insects exhibit a dizzying array of genetic systems, and their biology promotes conflicts of interest over transmission and sex ratio between male- and female-expressed genes, parental- and offspring-expressed genes (both examples of intra-genomic conflict) and between scale insects and their endosymbionts (inter-genomic conflict). We first review the wide range of genetic systems found in scale insects and the possible evolutionary transitions between them. We then outline the theoretical opportunities for genomic conflicts in this group and how these might influence sex determination and sex ratio. We then consider the evidence for these conflicts in the evolution of sex determination in scale insects. Importantly, the evolution of novel genetic systems in scale insects has itself helped create new conflicts of interest, for instance over sex ratio. As a result, a major obstacle to our understanding of the role of conflict in the evolution of sex-determination and genetic systems will be the difficulty in identifying the direction of causal relationships. We conclude by outlining possible experimental and comparative approaches to test more effectively how important genomic conflicts have been.

show abstract

Section: Inter‐genomic Conflict: Host‐symbiont Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genomic conflict in scale insects: the causes and consequences of bizarre genetic systems

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…transposase) present in multiple genomic copies was sampled sufficiently to form the 1.4 kb contig in our assembly. The presence of Cardinium was not unexpected, as it has been previously detected in A. nerii populations (Weeks et al ., ; Gruwell and Normark, ; Andersen et al ., ) and linked to observed parthenogenesis (Provencher et al ., ). While Uzinura has been detected in 100% of samples from 113 diaspidid species, including A. nerii (Andersen et al ., ), Cardinium has been infrequently detected in armoured scales (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13.9% of 144 species) and was inconsistently present within these species. This suggests that Cardinium, unlike Uzinura, is not essential to host survival (Provencher et al, 2005;Gruwell and Normark, 2009). To further determine if Cardinium was present in our sample, the non-Uzinura sequence reads were mapped to the available sequenced Cardinium endosymbiont of E. pergandiella (cPerl) genome (887 130 bp).…”

Section: Genome Reduction Without a Functionally Complementary Partner?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrient supplying capabilities of Uzinura, an endosymbiont of armoured scale insects

Sabree

Huang

Okusu

et al. 2013

Environmental Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An emerging common physiological feature of plant sap-feeding insects is the presence of bacterial endosymbionts capable of providing essential nutrients to their host. These microbial partners are inviable outside of specialized host tissues, and therefore a cultivation-independent approach, namely high-throughput next-generation genome sequencing, can be used to characterize their gene content and metabolic potential. To this end, we sequenced the first complete genome of the obligate endosymbiont, Candidatus 'Uzinura diaspidicola', of armoured scale insects. At 263 431 bp, Uzinura has an extremely reduced genome that is composed largely of genes encoding enzymes involved in translation and amino acid biosynthesis. The tiny size of the Uzinura genome parallels that observed in some other insect endosymbionts. Despite this extreme genome reduction, the absence of a known obligate partner bacterial symbiont suggests that Uzinura alone can supply sufficient nutrients to its host.

show abstract

“…Some of these sequences may well represent Cardinium infections, so this possibility definitely warrants further scrutiny. However, it must also be noted that the situation is complicated by the fact that the phylogenetic relationships within Cardinium are still confused and hence remain fluid (see Gruwell et al 2009; Nakamura et al 2009; Perlman et al 2010; discussed in Breeuwer et al 2012). To a certain extent, this problem also applies to reproductive parasites in general; for example, whether the far more intensively studied Wolbachia represents one or two species is still debated (Lo et al 2007; Pfarr et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections with the MicrobeCardiniumin the Dolichopodidae and Other Empidoidea

Martin

Puniamoorthy

Gubler

et al. 2013

Journal of Insect Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Maternally transmitted reproductive parasites such as Wolbachia and Cardinium can drastically reshape reproduction in their hosts. Beyond skewing sex ratios towards females, these microbes can also cause cytoplasmic incompatibility. Wolbachia probably infects two thirds of insects, but far less is known about the occurrence or action of other bacteria with potentially similar effects. In contrast with the two more widespread reproductive parasites, Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, far less is known of infections with Cardinium (Bacteroidetes) and possible consequences in the Diptera. Here, in an extensive survey, 244 dipteran species from 67 genera belonging to the Dolichopodidae, Empididae, and Hybotidae were assessed for the presence of the microbe Cardinium. Although 130 of the species screened tested positive (ca. 53%), the presence of Cardinium could only be confirmed in 10 species (ca. 4%) based on analysis of sequences. Numerous additional sequences were found to be assignable to known or unknown Bacteroidetes.Considering the known issues concerning specificity of Cardinium primers and the phylogenetic uncertainties surrounding this microbe, the actual prevalence of this symbiont is worthy of further scrutiny. Potential directions for future research on Cardinium-host interactions in Diptera and in general are discussed.

show abstract

Diversity and Phylogeny of Cardinium (Bacteroidetes) in Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 70 publications

Genomic conflict in scale insects: the causes and consequences of bizarre genetic systems

Genomic conflict in scale insects: the causes and consequences of bizarre genetic systems

The nutrient supplying capabilities of Uzinura, an endosymbiont of armoured scale insects

Infections with the MicrobeCardiniumin the Dolichopodidae and Other Empidoidea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About