The nutrient supplying capabilities of <i><scp>U</scp>zinura</i>, an endosymbiont of armoured scale insects

Sabree, Zakee L.; Huang, Charlie Y.; Okusu, Akiko; Moran, Nancy A.; Normark, Benjamin B.

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12058

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…For example, independently evolved bacterial symbionts in phloem-feeding whiteflies and mealybugs of the same suborder as the aphids, the Sternorrhyncha, have incomplete genetic capacity for EAA biosynthesis (6,28,29), but the biosynthetic pathways are apparently complete in the bacterial symbionts, e.g., Sulcia, of insects (e.g., cicadas, spittlebugs, and leafhoppers) in the related suborder, the Auchenorryncha (30)(31)(32). Turning to different symbioses, the stimulation of EAA production from Buchnera preparations by the host cell fraction (HF) is reminiscent of enhanced photosynthate release by symbiotic algae isolated from corals or other marine invertebrates and incubated with homogenates of their hosts (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared Metabolic Pathways in a Coevolved Insect-Bacterial Symbiosis

Russell

Bouvaine

Newell

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

112

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The symbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola lacks key genes in the biosynthesis of five essential amino acids (EAAs), and yet its animal hosts (aphids) depend on the symbiosis for the synthesis of these EAAs (isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine). We tested the hypothesis, derived from genome annotation, that the missing Buchnera reactions are mediated by host enzymes, with the exchange of metabolic intermediates between the partners. The specialized host cells bearing Buchnera were separated into a Buchnera fraction and a Buchnera-free host cell fraction (HF). Addition of HF to isolated Buchnera preparations significantly increased the production of leucine and phenylalanine, and recombinant enzymes mediating the final reactions in branched-chain amino acid and phenylalanine synthesis rescued the production of these EAAs by Buchnera preparations without HF. The likely precursors for the missing proximal reactions in isoleucine and methionine synthesis were identified, and they differed from predictions based on genome annotations: synthesis of 2-oxobutanoate, the aphid-derived precursor of isoleucine synthesis, was stimulated by homoserine and not threonine via threonine dehydratase, and production of the homocysteine precursor of methionine was driven by cystathionine, not cysteine, via reversal of the transsulfuration pathway. The evolution of shared metabolic pathways in this symbiosis can be attributed to host compensation for genomic deterioration in the symbiont, involving changes in host gene expression networks to recruit specific enzymes to the host cell.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared Metabolic Pathways in a Coevolved Insect-Bacterial Symbiosis

Russell

Bouvaine

Newell

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

112

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“…Flavobacteria have been considered to be the primary endosymbionts of scale insects (Gruwell et al 2007; Rosenblueth et al 2012). The genome of Uzinura diaspidicola (endosymbiont of Diaspididae) was recently sequenced (Sabree et al 2012). Flavobacteria from scale insects seem to have a single origin, except for Brownia rhizoecola (from Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccinae) tribe Rhizoecini (Rosenblueth et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum” the Flavobacterial Endosymbiont of Llaveia axin axin (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae)

Rosas-Pérez

Rosenblueth

Rincón-Rosales

et al. 2014

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) constitute a very diverse group of sap-feeding insects with a large diversity of symbiotic associations with bacteria. Here, we present the complete genome sequence, metabolic reconstruction, and comparative genomics of the flavobacterial endosymbiont of the giant scale insect Llaveia axin axin. The gene repertoire of its 309,299 bp genome was similar to that of other flavobacterial insect endosymbionts though not syntenic. According to its genetic content, essential amino acid biosynthesis is likely to be the flavobacterial endosymbiont's principal contribution to the symbiotic association with its insect host. We also report the presence of a γ-proteobacterial symbiont that may be involved in waste nitrogen recycling and also has amino acid biosynthetic capabilities that may provide metabolic precursors to the flavobacterial endosymbiont. We propose “Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum” as the name of the flavobacterial endosymbiont of insects from the Monophlebidae family.

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“…Molecular characters, as well as being useful in the resolution of relationships between taxa, also shed light on their ecology, for example revealing associations between phytophagous insects and their host plants, as well as the role played by symbionts in the host metabolism (e.g. Jurado-Rivera et al 2009;Sabree et al 2012;García-Robledo et al 2013). At present, the knowledge of the host plants of Pachybrachis is limited to few species but the genus is regarded as being polyphagous (Jolivet and Hawkeswood 1995;Bienkowski 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pachybrachis holerorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), a new species from the Apennines, Italy, identified by integration of morphological and molecular data

Montagna

Sassi

Giorgi

2013

Zootaxa

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Pachybrachis holerorum n. sp. is described from the northern Apennines, Italy. The new species is related to P. karamani (Weise, 1893), from which it differs in the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and in small differences in chromatic pattern. The close relationship with P. karamani is confirmed by molecular analyses performed on a fragment of 829 nucleotides of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). The general mixed Yule-coalescent model, developed for species delimitation using single-locus molecular data, was applied to a cox1 phylogeny in order to test the hypothesis of P. holerorum as a separate species. Information on the host plants, acquired during specimen collection, was confirmed from gut content, targeting a fragment of the plastid large subunit of the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene and the trnL(UAA) intron. Besides, the lectotype of P. karamani is designated.

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The nutrient supplying capabilities of Uzinura, an endosymbiont of armoured scale insects

Cited by 43 publications

References 72 publications

Shared Metabolic Pathways in a Coevolved Insect-Bacterial Symbiosis

Shared Metabolic Pathways in a Coevolved Insect-Bacterial Symbiosis

Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum” the Flavobacterial Endosymbiont of Llaveia axin axin (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae)

Pachybrachis holerorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), a new species from the Apennines, Italy, identified by integration of morphological and molecular data

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