Diversidade de anfíbios e répteis Squamata na região do baixo rio Purus, Amazônia Central, Brasil

Abstract

Abstract:The lower Purus River Basin, Central Amazonia -Brazil, represents an area of prominent interest for conservation of amphibians and reptiles. However, there is little available information about these groups for flooded and nonflooded forests, the major landscapes in this region. We sampled a representative area over two periods : 2004-2005 and 2009-2010. We used efficient and complementary techniques for sampling the herpetofauna in rainforests: time constrained audio-visual search (TAVS), pitfall traps with drift fence (PFDF) and doubleended funnel traps with drift fence (FTDF). We recorded a total of 160 species, including 75 amphibians (73 frogs and two caecilians) and 85 reptiles (34 lizards and 51 snakes). The occurrence of the anuran Dendropsophus allenorum represents the first record for Brazil. Comparing the efficiency of the sampling methods, the TAVS was the best method in sampling efficiency for the majority of the herpetofauna species; followed by the PFDF, efficient in sampling terrestrial frogs and litter lizards in the nonflooded forests. We did not use the PFDF in the flooded forests because the soil was water saturated. Despite its low efficiency in sampling terrestrial frogs and litter lizards, the FTDF, was efficient in snake capture and easily adaptable to the saturated soil in flooded forests. The greatest richness of species and groups was found in the nonflooded forests. Families of fossorial and litter species were mostly absent from the flooded forests. However, in the flooded forests we found a large number of arboreal frogs (Hylidae) and of larger heliothermic lizards (Teiidae). When we evaluated each sample period separately, we found a similar richness of the herpetofauna between the different types of forest landscapes, with a bias towards higher diversity in the nonflooded forests. In spite of similar species numbers, the nonflooded and flooded forests had different species assemblages. The total amphibian and Squamata reptilian diversity between the nonflooded and flooded forests (beta-β diversity), sites with more widespread landscapes, possibly represents the major contribution to the regional herpetofauna diversity in the lower Purus River Basin (Gama-γ diversity). Resumo: A região do baixo rio Purus na Amazônia Central -Brasil representa uma área de relevante interesse para conservação de anfíbios e répteis. No entanto, há pouca informação disponível sobre estes grupos taxonômicos para áreas de florestas de terra firme e florestas de várzea, principais paisagens nesta região. Nesse estudo, realizamos uma amostragem ampla em esforço e área, em dois períodos: 2004-2005 e 2009-2010. Utilizamos técnicas complementares eficientes na amostragem da herpetofauna em florestas tropicais: procura ativa limitada por tempo (PLT), armadilhas de interceptação e queda (AIQ) e armadilhas de interceptação com funis duplos (AIF). Foram registradas 160 espécies, sendo 75 de anfíbios (73 anuros e dois gimnofionos) e 85 de répteis (34 lagartos e 51 serpentes). O registro do anuro Dendropso...

Amphibians found in the Amazonian Savanna of the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area in Amapá, Brazil

“…The predominance of the former two families is typical of the Amazon region and other South America biomes (Duelman 1988, Strussmann 2000, Gordo 2003, Neckel-Oliveira & Gordo 2004, Ilha & Dixo 2010, Lima et al 2012, Waldez et al 2013.…”

“…However, two of these species -Leptodactylus mystaceus and Leptodactylus petersii -are widespread in the terra firme forests of the Amazon basin (Lima 2008, Menin et al 2008, Avila-Pires et al 2010, Waldez et al 2013, Lima et al 2015. Similarly, Hypsiboas boans, Scinax boesemani, Hydrolaetare schmidit, and Hamptophryne boliviana were recorded by Lima (2008) in the dense terra firme forests of the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park in northern Amapá, which is considered to be the world's largest park of continuous tropical forest, located on the Guiana Shield.…”

“…Studies of the diversity, geographic distribution, and ecology of Amazonian amphibians have increased considerably over the past decade, especially in the Brazilian Amazon basin. These studies have provided a great deal of valuable data, especially for the Brazilian states of Amazonas (Zimmerman & Rodrigues 1990, Tocher et al 2001, Gordo 2003, Neckel-Oliveira & Gordo 2004, Vogt et al 2007, Menin et al 2008, Ilha & Dixo 2010, Lima et al 2012, Prudente et al 2013, Waldez et al 2013, Pará (Ribeiro-Junior et al 2008, Avila-Pires et al 2010, Rondônia (Bernarde 2007, Turci & Bernarde 2008, and Amapá (Lima 2008, Queiroz et al 2011, Araujo & Costa-Campos 2014, as well as the countries of the Guiana Shield (Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1991, Lescure & Marty 2000, Cole et al 2013.…”

Diversidade local e influência da sazonalidade sobre taxocenoses de anfíbios e répteis na Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, Acre, Brasil

“…Os répteis considerados abundantes neste estudo são representantes da subordem Sauria e mostraram-se associados a bordas de mata e clareiras na vegetação formadas por eventos naturais ou pelo corte seletivo da madeira. Todos possuem ampla distribuição e são frequentemente registrados em diversos ambientes primários e secundários da Amazônia (Vitt et al, 2008;Pantoja & Fraga, 2012;Bernarde et al, 2013;Prudente et al, 2013;Waldez et al, 2013;.…”

Distribution extension and revised map of Erythrolamprus pygmaeus (Cope, 1868) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)

“…All specimens have a gray-brown dorsum; dorsal scales with white edges and a series of transversal dark blots, spaced by 3-5 scales rows in anterior third of body; a conspicuous nuchal collar, reaching the parietal shields; dorsum of head brown; a longitudinal dark lateral stripe on posterior part of body reaching the tip (Silva-Jr. 1993) and Santo Antônio (Marçal et al 2011), and large sampling projects at lower Purus River, in central Amazon, Amazonas state (Waldez et al 2013) failed to find additional specimens of this species. However, the species seems to be common in northern Peru (Dixon and Soini 1986), which leads us to believe that the poor knowledge on E. pygmaeus through the Amazon Basin results from incipient sampling efforts associated with low population densities.…”