Diurnal and seasonal transitions of water and ice content in apple stems: Field tracking the radial location of the freezing- and thawing-fronts using a noninvasive smart sensor

Sun, Yuan; Zhou, Haiyang; Shan, Guilin; Grantz, David A.; Lammers, Peter Schulze; Xue, Xian; Damerow, Lutz; Burkhardt, Juergen

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.04.018

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Freeze-thaw Model Of Plant Stem Many trees or shrubs enter the overwintering period with essentially zero transpiration and minimal root water uptake [30]; therefore, StVWC can be a stable value during the overwintering period (Sun et al, 2019). In addition, the dielectric constant of water is 81 (25°C) and the dielectric constant of ice is approximately 3 (similar to the dielectric constant of dry matter in the stem of a plant) [20].…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That means when the water in the stem is converted to ice, the StVIC can be calculated by the reduction in the StVWC before and after freezing and thawing. The key to the calculation is nding the moment when the freezing and thawing of the stem occurs [15,17].…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The of liquid and solid states of water is the basis for calculating the StVIC, which can be obtained by calculating the change in water content in the stem before and after freezing and thawing [4,15,16]. The key to calculate StVIC is to track the freeze-thaw moment [17].…”

Section: Determination Of the Freeze-thaw Momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that cavitation near the ice surface after freezing was closely related to ultrasonic emission [14]. Sparks et al used a time domain re ectometry (TDR) sensor to detect the ice content in winter stems of Pinus contorta and found values between 0% and 75% [4,15]. TDR and ultrasound emission methods have the advantage of being nondestructive or minimally destructive, but high cost is a drawback that limits their use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of TDR and frequency domain (FD) principle sensors has been demonstrated in numerous studies. Zhou et al applied TDR and FD sensors to the stem for freeze-thaw measurements[4,15]; however, these sensors are expensive and invasive. The StVWC sensor designed in this study is inexpensive (approximately $15), capable of dynamic real-time remote monitoring, and easy to use in agriculture and forestry.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Freeze-thaw Assessment of Plants Based on Envelope Analysis of Stem Volume Water Content Sequence

Tian

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Frost stress is an abiotic stressor for plant growth that impacts the health and the regional distribution of plants. The freeze-thaw characteristics of plants during the overwintering period help to understand relevant issues in plant physiology, including plant cold resistance and cold acclimation. Therefore, we aimed to develop a non-invasive instrument and method for accurate in situ detection of changes in stem freeze-thaw characteristics during the overwintering period. Results: A sensor was designed based on standing wave ratio method (SWR) to measure stem volume water content (StVWC). We were able to measure stem volume ice content (StVIC) and stem freeze-thaw rate of ice (StFTRI) during the overwintering period. The resolution of the StVWC sensor is less than 0.05 %, the mean absolute error and root mean square error are less than 1 %, and the dynamic response time is 0.296 s. The peak point of the daily change rate of the lower envelope of the StVWC sequence occurs when the plant enters and exits the overwintering period. The peak point can be used to determine the moment of freeze-thaw occurrence, whereas the time point corresponding to the moment of freeze-thaw coincides with the rapid transition between high and low ambient temperatures. In the field, the StVIC and StFTRI of Juniperus virginiana L., Lagerstroemia indica L. and Populus alba L. gradually increased at the beginning, fluctuated steadily during, and then gradually decreased by the end of the overwintering period. The StVIC and StFTRI also showed significant variability due to differences among the tree species and latitude.Conclusions: The StVWC sensor has good resolution, accuracy, stability, and sensitivity. The envelope changes of the StVWC sequence and the correspondence between the freeze-thaw moment and the ambient temperature indicate that the determination of the freeze-thaw moment based on the peak point of the daily change rate of the lower envelope is reliable. The results show that the sensor is able to monitor changes in the freeze-thaw characteristics of plants and effectively characterize freeze-thaw differences and cold resistance of different tree species. Furthermore, this is a cost-effective tool for monitoring freeze-thaw conditions during the overwintering period.

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Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of the Freeze-thaw Momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze-thaw Assessment of Plants Based on Envelope Analysis of Stem Volume Water Content Sequence

Tian

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Measurement of two‐layer medium dielectric property using a novel parameters model in radio frequency

Fan

Wang

Huang

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryThe RLCG parameters model and one‐port measurement model of the closed‐double ring electrodes have been established to obtain the dielectric properties of two‐layer medium in radio frequency. The accuracy of these models was verified by electromagnetic simulation experiments and the permittivity measurement experiments under 160 MHz. Results showed that (1) When the medium dielectric constant , the calculation values based on the models and the real values, have a determination coefficient using the quadratic regression function fitting; (2) the effective sensing depth of the ring electrodes was about the structural wavelength of the ring electrodes; (3) the measuring permittivity of the intact mature corn ear were in good agreement with the results in the literatures. This study demonstrates a practical technique to extract the permittivity of two‐layer medium with the ring electrodes, and will provide a new way to in situ monitoring the physiological changes of two‐layer medium and environmental parameters.

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Challenges and Capabilities in Estimating Snow Mass Intercepted in Conifer Canopies with Tree Sway Monitoring

Raleigh

Gutmann

Stan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Diurnal and seasonal transitions of water and ice content in apple stems: Field tracking the radial location of the freezing- and thawing-fronts using a noninvasive smart sensor

Cited by 18 publications

References 67 publications

Freeze-thaw Assessment of Plants Based on Envelope Analysis of Stem Volume Water Content Sequence

Freeze-thaw Assessment of Plants Based on Envelope Analysis of Stem Volume Water Content Sequence

Measurement of two‐layer medium dielectric property using a novel parameters model in radio frequency

Challenges and Capabilities in Estimating Snow Mass Intercepted in Conifer Canopies with Tree Sway Monitoring

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