Distribution of serum lipoproteins of selected vertebrates

Alexander, Catherine; Day, Charles

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(73)90321-0

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Specific sterols have evolved in different evolutionary time points, and the entire sterol pathway shares close relationship with vertebrate evolution 48 . Specifically, different levels of cholesterol are known to alter several properties of biological lipid membranes, such as fluidity, rigidity, lipid-packing, phase-shift, freezing behaviour, mechanical stiffness, etc 49 , 50 . Notably, most of these properties are also temperature-dependent and slight changes in temperature can induce major changes in these properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in case of no or less enzyme activity, the concentration of cholesterol is expected to be high in the inner membrane than outer membrane, especially when the cell is capable of synthesizing cholesterol. Cholesterol also represents a vertebrate-specific biomolecule as cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is established in vertebrate only 48 , 49 . So far there are several reports which strongly suggest that cholesterol content is critical for the function of many transmembrane proteins 80 , 81 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preferential selection of Arginine at the lipid-water-interface of TRPV1 during vertebrate evolution correlates with its snorkeling behaviour and cholesterol interaction

Saha

Ghosh

Tiwari

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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TRPV1 is a thermo-sensitive ion channel involved in neurosensory and other physiological functions. The trans-membrane helices of TRPV1 undergo quick and complex conformational changes governed by thermodynamic parameters and membrane components leading to channel opening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such events are poorly understood. Here we analysed the molecular evolution of TRPV1 at the lipid-water-interface region (LWI), typically defined as a layer of 6 Å thickness on each side of the membrane with less availability of free water. Amino acids demarcating the end of the trans-membrane helices are highly conserved. Residues present in the inner leaflet are more conserved and have been preferentially selected over others. Amino acids with snorkeling properties (Arginine and Tyrosine) undergo specific selection during the vertebrate evolution in a cholesterol-dependent and/or body temperature manner. Results suggest that H-bond formation between the OH- group of cholesterol and side chain of Arg557 or Arg575 at the inner leaflet is a critical parameter that can regulate channel functions. Different LWI mutants of TRPV1 have altered membrane localization and deficient colocalization with lipid raft markers. These findings may help to understand the lipid-protein interactions, and molecular basis of different neuronal functions. Such findings may have broad importance in the context of differential sensory responses, pathophysiologies, and application of pharmacological drugs such as anaesthetics acting on TRPVs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential selection of Arginine at the lipid-water-interface of TRPV1 during vertebrate evolution correlates with its snorkeling behaviour and cholesterol interaction

Saha

Ghosh

Tiwari

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The major cholesterol-bearing serum lipoprotein in rats is HDL and the observed decrease in serum cholesterol by CPIB may be directly related to a reduction in the cholesterol concentration of HDL (32,33). Thus, the diminution of serum cholesterol found in CPIB-treated rats was further investigated and the results on HDL-cholesterol levels are presented in Figure 6D.…”

Section: Measurement Of Serum Lipid and Lipid-lipoprotein Concentratimentioning

confidence: 98%

Pharmacologic Effects of 4-Chlorophenol in Rats: Comparison to Clofibrate

Phornchirasilp¹,

Patel²,

Hanson³

et al. 1989

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) is an identified trace contaminant in commercial clofibrate ipreparations and the pharmacologic effects of 4-CP have not yet been widely establlished. We have examined the dose-dependent effects of oral 4-CP and clofibrate adminlistration on selected hepatic parameters and on serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyckride concentrations in male rats. 4-CP treatment (0.00125-0.08 mmol/kg, twice a day) of rats for 2 weeks increased hepatic microsomal protein (20-30%) and cytochrome P-450 (20-190%) contents without changing liver/body weight ratios. Both 4-CP (0.0025 mmol/kg body wt, twice a day) and CPIB (0.4 mmol/kg body wt, twice a day) treatment to rats for 2 weeks caused significant elevations in microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and in the maximal activities of ethylmorphine, aminopyrine, and benrphetamine N-demethylase, but not in the activity of zoxarolamine 6-hydroxylase. With the same dose of 4-CP, time-dependent increases in hepatic microsomal protein, cytochrome P-450, and the activity of benzphetamine N-demethylase were observed for a 4-week period, and the induction of hepatic microsomal benrphetamine N-demethylase activity by 4-CP was associated with an increased enzyme synthesis. 4-CP treatment produced a marked morphologic change in liver cell ultrastructure, including a proliferation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum at lower 4-CP doses. A clustering of intracellular organelles (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum) and a foamy cyto-plasm1 were seen at doses greater than 0.01 mmol/kg, twice a day for 2 weeks, and at 0.0025 mmol/kg, twice a day for >4 weeks. The effects of 4-CP and clofibrate on fasting blood iglucose and fasting serum lipid levels were also monitored throughout an 8-week period. Both 4-CP (0.005 mmol/kg body wt, twice a day) and clofibrate (0.2 mmol/kg body wt, twice a day) produced significant elevations in fasting serum glucose levels, but this dosage of 4-CP did not alter serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters, whereas clofibrate significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These results lead us to conclude that 4-CP does not contribute to the antilipidemic effects of clofibrate. [P.S.E.B.M. 1989[P.S.E.B.M. , Vol 1911 oronary artery disease has been defined as one of the major causes of death among the human C population in industrial nations (I), and elevated cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol concentrations are now accepted as significant risk factors for the development of this disease (2). Clofibrate [ethyl-2(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-propionic acid, p-chlorophenoxyisobutynic acid ethyl ester, CPIB] and ' Current address:

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“…A natureza geral do perfil de lipoproteína de répteis, (isto é, concentrações relativamente elevadas de LDL e HDL nos répteis, predominando LDL), foi confirmada em outros estudos em que procedimentos menos precisos têm sido empregados para a quantificação, como eletroforese em gel de agarose ou outros meios (Alexander & Day, 1973;Dangerfield et al, 1976).…”

Section: Lagartosunclassified

Lipoproteínas de répteis: estrutura, metabolismo e aspectos comparativos

Araújo¹,

Pereira²,

Palha³

et al. 2015

Pubvet

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RESUMO.As lipoproteínas são complexos macromoleculares esféricos de lipídeos e proteínas específicas (apoproteínas), sendo as principais: quilomicrons, lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade (VLDL), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL). Elas diferem-se na composição lipídica e proteica, no tamanho e na densidade. A separação das mesmas pode ser efetuada por meio de ultracentrifugação, onde a densidade é usada como parâmetro de separação, ou por eletroforese em gel de agarose, usando a propriedade eletroforética como parâmetro, em: α-lipoproteína (HDL), pré-β-lipoproteína (VLDL) e β-lipoproteína (LDL). Nesta revisão objetiva-se abordar a importância do metabolismo das lipoproteínas em répteis e como o mesmo se dá, além de particularidades nos diferentes grupos de animais que integram esta classe. As características das lipoproteínas em répteis variam, de acordo com a ordem e espécie animal, porém em todas as espécies observa-se certa similaridade com as lipoproteínas humanas, inclusive a presença de homólogos de várias apoproteínas humanas. Porém, as informações sobre esse complexo molecular ainda são escassas, quando se pensa na grande diversidade da classe Reptilia, necessitando assim de mais estudos, principalmente com os répteis submetidos à alimentação oferecida pelo homem, como os animais de finalidade produtiva e os abrigados em zoológicos. Lembrando que distúrbios no metabolismo dos lipídeos também podem ocorrer, resultando em diversas patologias, como obesidade, e consequentemente redução do desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo. Palavras-chave: Apoproteína, distúrbio, VLDL, LDL, HDLReptil lipropoteins: Structure, metabolism and comparative aspects ABSTRACT. Lipoproteins are spherical macromolecular complexes of lipids and specific proteins (apoproteins), the main ones being: chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). They differ in the lipid and protein composition, size and density. The separation of the same can be done through ultracentrifugation, where the density is used as a separation parameter, or by electrophoresis on agarose gel electrophoresis using the property as a parameter, in: α-lipoprotein (HDL), pre-β-lipoprotein (VLDL) and β-lipoprotein (LDL). In this review we aimed to address the importance of metabolism of lipoproteins in reptiles and how it occurs, and its peculiarities in different groups of animals that are part of this class. The characteristics of the lipoproteins in reptiles vary in accordance with the order and animal species, but in all species there is a similarity with human lipoproteins, including the presence of several human homologues of apoproteins. However, the information on this molecular complex is scarce, when we consider the great diversity of the class Reptilia, thus requiring further studies, especially with reptiles subjected to food offered by humans, like animals in a productive purpose and housed in zoos. Recalling that disturbances in lipid metab...

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Distribution of serum lipoproteins of selected vertebrates

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Preferential selection of Arginine at the lipid-water-interface of TRPV1 during vertebrate evolution correlates with its snorkeling behaviour and cholesterol interaction

Preferential selection of Arginine at the lipid-water-interface of TRPV1 during vertebrate evolution correlates with its snorkeling behaviour and cholesterol interaction

Pharmacologic Effects of 4-Chlorophenol in Rats: Comparison to Clofibrate

Lipoproteínas de répteis: estrutura, metabolismo e aspectos comparativos

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