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The hydroglycolic (HG) extract from 70% propylene glycol (PG) extraction of myrobalan fruits showed the most appreciable antioxidant efficiency towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in comparison to the extracts from 30, 50, 70 and 100% ethyl alcohol (EA), and 30, 50 and 100% PG . Its total polyphenols were also higher than others. The additional analysis of antioxidant power revealed that this HG extract was able to counteract the induced oxidation caused by hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) ) and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The quantification for the antioxidant capacity of the extract showed it was equivalent to 93.78 mg of 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) g(-1) by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) assay, and was 140.17 mg ascorbic acid (AA) equivalent g(-1) and 107.50 mg Trolox equivalent g(-1) by photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay. The incorporation of the HG myrobalan extract into lotion and sunscreen lotion rendered these products to provide the similar antioxidant power as the extract alone.

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Diabetes is a chronic disease among many people worldwide. The oral anti‐diabetic medications still have side effects, so anti‐diabetic plants are still in research. Piper sarmentosum Roxb., abundance in Asia and traditional usage as remedy for diabetes, is very interesting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the water extract from aerial part of P. sarmentosum on 2 mechanisms. The yield of the extract was about 16% w/w of dry aerial part. The inhibition of glucose absorption was conducted by the everted sac method using murine intestine. The results revealed that the extract concentration of 5 and 10 mg/ml could significantly lower glucose absorption (p<0.05) like sodium fluoride, used as positive control, did. The enhancement of glucose utilization was performed using rat diaphragm which represented the muscle cell. Pieces of diaphragm were incubated in Kreb solution with or without the extract for 90 min. The rest of glucose in the media was measured and used for the calculation for muscle glucose consumption. The extract concentration of 2.5–5 mg/ml could enhance glucose consumption about 2–2.5 times in comparison with the control value (without the extract). These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of P. sarmentosum may result from the inhibition of glucose absorption and the enhancement of glucose consumption. This work was support by National Research Council, Thailand.