Distribution and genesis of soils of the northeastern United States

Ciolkosz, Edward J.; Waltman, William J.; Simpson, Thomas; Dobos, Robert R.

doi:10.1016/0169-555x(89)90016-0

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sugar maple sample trees on these vulnerable sites had the lowest foliar levels of Mg and Ca, lowest molar ratios of Mg/Mn and Ca/Al, and the highest foliar levels of Mn and Al (Table 2). Soils on the unglaciated portions of the Allegheny Plateau are dominated by Ultisols with low base cation status inherited from the parent material (Ciolkosz et al 1989). On the basis of geologic and pedologic studies on these sites, Bailey et al (1999) have proposed a model to explain the observed differences in base cation nutrition with glaciation and landscape position: on unglaciated sites, weatherable minerals are located well below the rooting zone or in bedrock and, thus, are unavailable to trees growing on the summit or upper slopes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Horsley¹,

Long²,

Bailey³

et al. 2000

Revue canadienne de recherche forestière

106

145

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Mortality of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) has reached unusually high levels across northern Pennsylvania since the early to mid-1980s. We evaluated the influence of glaciation, topographic position, foliage chemistry, defoliation history, and stand characteristics (species composition, structure, density) on the health of sugar maple in 43 stands at 19 sites on the northern Allegheny Plateau. Using percent dead sugar maple basal area as the measure of health, we found that all moderately to severely declining stands were on unglaciated summits, shoulders, or upper backslopes. Stands on glaciated sites and unglaciated lower topographic positions were not declining. The most important factors associated with sugar maple health were foliar levels of Mg and Mn and defoliation history. The lowest foliar Mg, highest foliar Mn, and highest number and severity of insect defoliations were associated with unglaciated summits, shoulders, and upper backslopes. Declining stands had less than -700 mg·kg -1 Mg and two or more moderate to severe defoliations in the past 10 years; both conditions were associated with moderately to severely declining stands. The decline disease of sugar maple seems to result from an interaction between Mg (and perhaps Mn) nutrition and stress caused by defoliation.Résumé : La mortalité de l'érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) a atteint des proportions anormalement élevées partout dans le nord de la Pennsylvanie depuis le début ou le milieu des années 1980. Nous avons étudié l'influence de la glaciation, de la topographie, de la chimie foliaire, des défoliations passées, et des caractéristiques du peuplement (composition, structure et densité) sur la santé de l'érable à sucre dans 43 peuplements établis sur 19 sites dans la partie nord du plateau alléghanien. En utilisant le pourcentage de surface terrière que représentent les érables à sucre morts comme mesure de l'état de santé, nous avons trouvé que tous les peuplements où le dépérissement était modéré à sévère étaient situés sur les sommets, les contreforts, ou le haut des revers qui n'avaient pas subi la glaciation. Les peuplements situés sur des sites exposés à la glaciation ou des sites plus bas qui n'avaient pas subi la glaciation ne dépérissaient pas. Les facteurs les plus importants associés à la santé de l'érable à sucre étaient les concentrations foliaires de Mg et Mn et les défoliations passées. La plus faible concentration foliaire de Mg, la plus forte concentration foliaire de Mn, la sévérité la plus élevée et le plus grand nombre de défoliations d'insectes étaient associés aux sommets, aux contreforts, ou au haut des revers qui n'avaient pas subi la glaciation. Les peuplements dépérissants avaient moins d'environ 700 mg·kg -1 de Mg et avaient subi au moins deux défoliations modérées à sévères au cours des 10 dernières années. Ces deux facteurs étaient associés à des peuplements où le dépérissement était modéré à sévère. Le dépérissement de l'érable à sucre semble être le résultat d'une interaction entre la nutri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Horsley¹,

Long²,

Bailey³

et al. 2000

Revue canadienne de recherche forestière

106

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The estimated time needed to accumulate the current total pool of Hg solely by atmospheric Hg deposition is well within the time of soil formation in the glaciated landscapes of the northeastern United States (12-18k years; Ciolkosz et al 1989). Although we did not observe a noticeable relationship between current Hg deposition and concentrations or pools of soil Hg, we did find a correlation between the total atmospheric Hg deposition since 1850 and Hg pool in the organic horizons (Fig.…”

Section: Pools and Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil mercury and its response to atmospheric mercury deposition across the northeastern United States

Xia

Driscoll

Warby

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Terrestrial soil is a large reservoir of atmospherically deposited mercury (Hg). However, few studies have evaluated the accumulation of Hg in terrestrial ecosystems in the northeastern United States, a region which is sensitive to atmospheric Hg deposition. We characterized Hg and organic matter in soil profiles from 139 sampling sites for five subregions across the northeastern United States and estimated atmospheric Hg deposition to these sites by combining numerical modeling with experimental data from the literature. We did not observe any significant relationships between current net atmospheric Hg deposition and soil Hg concentrations or pools, even though soils are a net sink for Hg inputs. Soil Hg appears to be preserved relative to organic carbon (OC) and/or nitrogen (N) in the soil matrix, as a significant negative relationship was observed between the ratios of Hg/OC and OC/N (r ¼ 0.54, P , 0.0001) that shapes the horizonal distribution patterns. We estimated that atmospheric Hg deposition since 1850 (3.97 mg/m 2 ) accounts for 102% of the Hg pool in the organic horizons (3.88 mg/m 2 ) and 19% of the total soil Hg pool (21.32 mg/m 2 ), except for the southern New England (SNE) subregion. The mean residence time for soil Hg was estimated to be 1800 years, except SNE which was 800 years. These patterns suggest that in addition to atmospheric deposition, the accumulation of soil Hg is linked to the mineral diagenetic and soil development processes in the region.

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“…Ciolkosz et al (1989) highlight the apparent anomoly that in central New York, -12,000-year-old Alfisols are found, which are younger than the -1 8,000-year-old Inceptisols of southern New York and northeastern Pennsylvania. Carbonates in glacial deposits have enhanced development of Alfisols compared with the coarser, carbonate-free deposits to the south.…”

Section: Alfisolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geologic and Edaphic Factors Influencing Susceptibility of Forest Soils to Environmental Change

Bailey¹

2000

Ecological Studies

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There is great diversity in the structure and function of the northern forest across the 20-state portion of the United States considered in this book. The interplay of many factors accounts for the mosaic of ecological regimes across the region. In particular, climate, physiography, geology, and soils influence dominance and distribution of vegetation communities across the region. This chapter provides a review of the ecology of the northern forest, emphasizing the role of geology and soils.The chapter begins with descriptive material reviewing the physiography, bedrock geology, and soils of the various provinces that constitute the northern forest. The distribution of vegetation communities and the role of climate, while of prime importance in defining the ecology of the region, are given limited coverage here as these are discussed more thoroughly elsewhere in this volume (see Chapters 1 and 3). However, to the extent that climate and vegetation are important soil-forming factors (Jenny, 1941), their characteristics in each province are summarized here. As the historical vegetation, which developed prior to large-scale anthropogenic alterations of the landscape in the last 150 years, is more

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Distribution and genesis of soils of the northeastern United States

Cited by 63 publications

References 21 publications

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Soil mercury and its response to atmospheric mercury deposition across the northeastern United States

Geologic and Edaphic Factors Influencing Susceptibility of Forest Soils to Environmental Change

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