Distribution and depuration of the potentially carcinogenic malachite green in tissues of three freshwater farmed Chinese fish with different food habits

Jiang, Yan; Xie, Ping; Gao, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.025

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Fish Uptake, accumulation and depuration of MG has been studied in herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous freshwater fish (Parabramis pekinensis, Carassius auratus and Ophiocephalus argus, respectively) following acute aquatic exposure (6 mg/L for 20 min) (Jiang et al, 2009). MG and LMG concentrations were measured at six time points (0, 2, 4, 24, 96 and 240 h) in blood, muscle, liver, kidney, gill and skin from all three fish species (and in abdominal fat of P. pekinensis, which was present in the other two species at insufficient quantities for dissection).…”

Section: Fish and Crustaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malachite green in food

2016

EFS2

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Malachite green (MG) has been used globally in aquaculture but is not registered for use in food-producing animals in the European Union. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate whether a reference point for action (RPA) of 2 lg/kg for the sum of MG and its major metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG) is adequate to protect public health. Available occurrence data were not suitable for a reliable exposure assessment. The hypothetical dietary exposure was calculated, considering the RPA as occurrence value for all types of fish, fish products and crustaceans. Mean dietary exposure across different European dietary surveys and age classes would range from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day. For high and frequent fish consumers, the exposure would range from 1.3 to 11.8 ng/kg bw per day. Both MG and LMG induced formation of DNA adducts in livers of rats and/or mice, and of micronuclei in mice. LMG also induced cII transgene mutations in mouse liver. MG caused a small, not dose-related, increase in thyroid gland follicular adenomas and carcinomas, and of mammary gland carcinomas in female rats. LMG caused an increase in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in female mice. Both MG and LMG may be considered as carcinogenic and as genotoxic in vivo. A lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 10% extra risk (BMDL 10 ) of 13 mg/kg bw per day for hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was selected as reference point for neoplastic effects. For non-neoplastic effects, a lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 5% extra risk (BMDL 05 ) of 6 mg/kg bw per day was selected for the effect of MG on liver weight and of LMG on body weight. The margins of exposure were 1.1 9 10 6 or greater for neoplastic effects and 4.9 9 10 5 or greater for non-neoplastic effects. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that exposure to food contaminated with MG/LMG at or below the RPA of 2 lg/kg represents a health concern.Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Standing Working Group on non-allowed pharmacologically active substances in food and feed and their reference points for action (2015)(2016)(2017)(2018):

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Section: Fish and Crustaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malachite green in food

2016

EFS2

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“…The seston on the filter was frozen-thawed, grinded and 10 g fillet sample was homogenized in ice-bath for T&O compounds detection according to the solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS analysis mentioned by Liang et al (2005). The procedure to quantify lipid in muscle tissues followed the method conducted by Jiang et al (2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration and Bioaccumulation of Cyanobacterial Bioactive and Odorous Metabolites Occurred in a Large, Shallow Chinese Lake

Jiang

Xie

Nie

2014

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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The distributions of cyanobacterial bioactive and odorous metabolites were investigated in the fifth largest lake in China in the fishing season 2012. The highest microcystins (MCs) concentration in water reached 3.4 lg L -1. A high b-ionone concentration reached 35.6 ng L -1 in water. Mean MCs concentration in muscle was highest in omnivorous Carassius auratus (20.9 ng g -1 dry weight), followed by phytoplanktivorous Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (7.4 ng g -1 DW) and carnivorous Coilia ectenes (3.0 ng g -1 DW). The maximum off-flavor concentrations kept 9.5 lg kg -1 wet weight for geosmin (C. auratus), 5.5 lg kg -1 WW for b-cyclocitral (C. ectenes) and 25.5 lg kg -1 WW for b-ionone (C. ectenes). Positive correlation was found between the offflavor and fat contents in C. ectenes. To be different with MCs, b-cyclocitral content was highest in fore-gut contents (87.6 lg kg -1 WW) in H. molitrix. It should not be reliable to predict odorous compounds level in fish muscle by only measuring the off-flavor in lake water only.

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“…Jiang et al later modified this method and applied it to the analysis of TPMs in fish [417]. A number of groups have developed alternative methods for isolating TPM residues using McIlvaine buffer and ACN prior to purification on aromatic sulphonic acid [413], SAX [418] or alumina-MCX SPE sorbents [415,419].…”

Section: Andersen Et Al Developed a Methods Capable Of Isolating Mg mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

Kinsella

O’Mahony

Malone

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography A

179

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A comprehensive review is presented on the current trends in sample preparation for isolation of veterinary drugs and growth promotors from foods. The objective of the review is to firstly give an overview of the sample preparation techniques that are applied in field. The review will focus on new techniques and technologies, which improve efficiency and coverage of residues. The underlying theme to the paper is the developments that have been made in multi-residue methods and particularly multi-class methods for residues of licensed animal health products, which have been developed in the last couple of years. The role of multi-class methods is discussed and how they can be accommodated in future residue surveillance.

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Distribution and depuration of the potentially carcinogenic malachite green in tissues of three freshwater farmed Chinese fish with different food habits

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Malachite green in food

Malachite green in food

Concentration and Bioaccumulation of Cyanobacterial Bioactive and Odorous Metabolites Occurred in a Large, Shallow Chinese Lake

Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

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