Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

In recent years, pharmaceutical pollution in the environment has been a great concern due to the potential effects on the human and animal health. Some of the most used classes such as antibiotics, which are used to prevent and treat bacterial infections and promote the growth of livestock, deserve to be highlighted since their intensive use has contaminated environmental matrices such as soil, water, sediment, plants, and animals with effects on the biota. To better understand the potential ecological risk of antibiotics in environments and to develop management strategies for these substances searching to reach the reduction of these compounds in aquatic systems, one of the most important steps is to determine the environmental concentrations of these compounds in the environments through analytical methods and evaluate their effects on the biota. The goal of this chapter is contribute with information about the effects of these compounds on the biota as well as its environmental behavior and bacterial resistance in additional to the main techniques for samples preparation and quantitative and confirmatory methods for its determination in the environment.

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“…It has been adapted and has been used for the determination of other compounds, including antibiotics in fish [54,146].…”

Section: Sample Preparation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary Antibiotics in the Environment

Botelho¹,

Monteiro²,

LuizTornisielo³

2015

Emerging Pollutants in the Environment - Current and Further Implications

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“…33 Por ser uma matriz complexa, essa é uma etapa fundamental para obtenção dos resultados, bem como para a conservação do sistema cromatográfico. 34,35 As otimizações realizadas aqui para a extração indicam um futuro promissor na análise multirresíduos de pesticidas a partir destas matrizes (sedimento e água).…”

Section: Método De Extração E Preparo Da Amostraunclassified

Determinação de agrotóxicos na água e sedimentos por HPLC-HRMS e sua relação com o uso e a ocupação do solo

Chiarello¹,

Graeff²,

Minetto³

et al. 2016

Quim. Nova

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. In present times, the Brazil is in the middle of the largest pesticide consumers worldwide, which demands proper control of environmental contamination. This study evaluated herbicides, acaricide, insecticides and fungicides in water and sediment carried-out from Lageado Tacongava hydrographic basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For analysis, a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe), and/or SPE (Solid-Phase Extraction) using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) with MS (Mass Detector) was optimized. As result, the Linearity R 2 > 0.99; Recuperation between 78 a 117%; and RSD < 20% for the 70 compounds simultaneously analyzed. The Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin, Bendiocarb, Fenamidone, metribuzin, Pendimethalin, pyridaben, Thiophanate-methyl and Truflumizole found in water, and Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin, Bendiocarb, boscalid and thiophanate-methyl in sediment, at concentrations from 0.1 µg kg -1 to 39.6 µg kg -1 . Standard of pesticide residues in water and sediment studies are needed to evaluate such contamination. Regional samplings standard, as was done here, will be useful in a future water resources contamination mapping.Keywords: pesticides; QuEChERS; HPLC-HRMS; sediment; water resources. INTRODUÇÃOA produção agrícola brasileira tem tido grande destaque em um contexto mundial. 1 O crescimento da produção é acompanhado pelo incremento da utilização de agrotóxicos, sem um controle mais efetivo do seu consumo. Isto pode implicar em um aumento dos impactos sobre os ecossistemas aquáticos e a biota do solo. 1 O Brasil é o quinto maior país em área territorial (equivalente a 47% do território sul-americano). A Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO) o considera essencialmente agrícola, apresentando área cultivada de aproximadamente 75 milhões de hectares. 2 Por sua grande extensão territorial, diferentes produtos são cultivados no país, de acordo com o clima. No Rio Grande do Sul, uma das culturas mais exploradas é a dos grãos. Estima-se que a área plantada prevista com grãos na safra de verão 2015/2016 no estado tenha ficado estável, podendo atingir 7,352 milhões de hectares, com avanço de apenas 0,74% ante 2014/15. 3 O país é um dos maiores consumidores de pesticidas, com uma forte expansão nos ultimos 40 anos, um aumento de 700%. Nos úl-timos 5 anos, uma média de 300 mil toneladas de agrotóxicos foram comercializadas. O estado do Rio Grande do Sul possui um destaque neste consumo estando na 4 o posição (12% do total) em 2015. 4 A aplicação incorreta e excessiva de pesticidas pode causar desequilíbrios ambientais com efeitos agudos e crônicos nos organismos vivos. 5 A magnitude dos efeitos depende da toxicidade da substância, da dose, do tipo de contato e do organismo. 6 Alguns destes compostos são reconhecidamente persistentes, permanecendo no ambiente por muito tempo sem sofrer alteração. 7 Assim, os dados referentes à qualidade da água nos rios brasileiros podem ser considerados críticos.O ministério da saúde definiu por meio do decreto 4.074 de 04 de janeiro...

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“…Mostly, PSA, GCB, octadecyl (C18), and Florisil were described (Table 1). PSA can act as both a polar phase and weak anion exchanger with the ability to remove fatty acids, sugars, and other matrix co-extractives (organic acids, anthocyan pigments) which might adversely affect chromatographic performance (Kinsella et al 2009;Anastassiades et al 2003a, b). GCB has been reported to be a highly effective sorbent for sample cleanup (Kinsella et al 2009).…”

Section: Optimization Of Extraction and Cleanup Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSA can act as both a polar phase and weak anion exchanger with the ability to remove fatty acids, sugars, and other matrix co-extractives (organic acids, anthocyan pigments) which might adversely affect chromatographic performance (Kinsella et al 2009;Anastassiades et al 2003a, b). GCB has been reported to be a highly effective sorbent for sample cleanup (Kinsella et al 2009). This is a nonporous reversed-phase sorbent and removes planar molecules such as natural pigments (e.g., chlorophyll, hemoglobin, and carotenoids), sterols, and nonpolar interferences (Anastassiades et al 2003a, b).…”

Section: Optimization Of Extraction and Cleanup Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Multiresidue QuEChERS Protocol to Minimize Matrix Effect and Improve Recoveries for Determination of Pesticide Residues in Dried Herbs Followed by GC-MS/MS

2017

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An accurate, rapid, and reliable multiresidue QuEChERS method based on gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of 235 pesticides in challenging, dry, complex herb matrices (Centaurea cyanus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Thymus vulgaris L.). Sample mass and the type of cleanup sorbent used to estimate the procedure's effectiveness were optimized. Purification steps with ChloroFiltr, ENVI-Carb, GCB, octadecyl, PSA, and Z-Sep as cleanup sorbents and a step without purification were compared. To minimize the matrix effect and obtain acceptable recoveries for pesticides, 2 g of herb sample and 10 mL acetonitrile, followed by d-SPE cleanup step with a combination of 150 mg PSA/ 45 mg ENVI-Carb/900 mg MgSO 4 , and additionally 50 μL of 5% formic acid and some droplets of dodecane, were needed. Matrix effects for the vast majority of pesticides were reduced (> 20%), showing suppression or enhancement. Most recoveries were in the range of 70-120% (RSD < 18%), reaching the quantification limit of 0.001 to 0.002 mg kg −1 . There was excellent linearity within the range from 0.001 to 2.00 μg mL −1 , and a correlation coefficient higher than 0.999 was obtained. Expanded measurement uncertainty was estimated to be between 4 and 43%. Finally, the developed method was successfully employed to identify and quantify pesticide residues in the analysis of 46 real herb samples.

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Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis

Cited by 175 publications

References 391 publications

Veterinary Antibiotics in the Environment

Veterinary Antibiotics in the Environment

Determinação de agrotóxicos na água e sedimentos por HPLC-HRMS e sua relação com o uso e a ocupação do solo

Modification of Multiresidue QuEChERS Protocol to Minimize Matrix Effect and Improve Recoveries for Determination of Pesticide Residues in Dried Herbs Followed by GC-MS/MS

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