Distributed Cross-Layer Protocol Design for Magnetic Induction Communication in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Lin, Shih‐Chun; Akyildiz, Ian F.; Wang, Pu; Sun, Zhi

doi:10.1109/twc.2015.2415812

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Acoustic technique cannot be used in UG channel due to vibration limitation. In magnetic induction (MI), [18], [25], signal strength decays with inverse cube factor and high data rates are not possible. Moreover, communication cannot take place if sender receiver coils are perpendicular to each other.…”

Section: Related Work Wireless Communication Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulses in the sand: Impulse response analysis of wireless underground channel

Salam

Vuran

Irmak

2016

IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) are becoming ubiquitous in many areas and designing robust systems requires extensive understanding of the underground (UG) channel characteristics. In this paper, UG channel impulse response is modeled and validated via extensive experiments in indoor and field testbed settings. Three distinct types of soils are selected with sand and clay contents ranging from 13% to 86% and 3% to 32%, respectively. Impacts of changes in soil texture and soil moisture are investigated with more than 1,200 measurements in a novel UG testbed that allows flexibility in soil moisture control. Time domain characteristics of channel such as RMS delay spread, coherence bandwidth, and multipath power gain are analyzed. The analysis of the power delay profile validates the three main components of the UG channel: direct, reflected, and lateral waves. It is shown that RMS delay spread follows a log-normal distribution. The coherence bandwidth ranges between 650 kHz and 1.15M Hz for soil paths of up to 1m and decreases to 418 kHz for distances above 10m. Soil moisture is shown to affect RMS delay spread non-linearly, which provides opportunities for soil moisture-based dynamic adaptation techniques. The model and analysis paves the way for tailored solutions for data harvesting, UG sub-carrier communication, and UG beamforming.

show abstract

Section: Related Work Wireless Communication Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulses in the sand: Impulse response analysis of wireless underground channel

Salam

Vuran

Irmak

2016

IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, MI channel has been usually modeled using MI‐Tx and Rx circuits as a whole (Lin et al, ; Sun & Akyildiz, ; ). A novel approach separates the Tx and Rx circuits to better characterize the signal attenuation but considers the media unbounded (Silva & Moghaddam, ).…”

Section: Study Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computational Channel Model for Magnetic Induction‐Based Subsurface Applications

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are many underground applications based on magnetic fields generated by an oscillating magnetic source. For them, a magnetic dipole in a three‐layered region with upper semi‐infinite air layer can be a convenient idealization used for their planning, development, and operation. Solutions are in the form of the well‐known Sommerfeld integral expressions that can be evaluated by numerical methods. A set of field expressions to be numerically evaluated by an efficient algorithm are not collected comprehensively yet, or at least in a directly usable form. In this paper, the explicit magnetic field solutions for the vertical magnetic dipole and the horizontal magnetic dipole for a general source‐observer location are derived from the Hertz vector. They can be properly combined to model the problem of a tilted magnetic dipole source for horizontally or inclined stratified media. As a result, a complete set of integral equations of the Sommerfeld type valid from the near zone to the far zone are formulated. A method for numerical evaluation of the field expressions for high accurate computations is described. The numerical results are validated using the finite element method for all the possible source‐receiver configurations and three well‐spanned frequencies of typical subsurface applications. Both numerical solutions agree according to the normalized root‐mean‐square error‐based fit metric. Numerical results for two cases of study are presented to see its usefulness for subsurface applications. A MATLAB implementation of the mathematical description outlined in this paper and the proposed evaluation method is freely available for download.

show abstract

“…Proposed framework performed better than geographical routing and transmitted power level‐based greedy routing with a minimum energy saving of 40% and 8 dB of throughput gain. Lin, Akyildiz, Wang, and Sun expand their work and reported that energy saving can be up to 50% with a 6 dB of throughput gain. In addition, a 2‐phase decision game is developed to determine the best energy savings and throughput gain with a low computation complexity.…”

Section: Packet Size Optimization For Underground Sensor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[60][61][62] Similarly, there are a few studies on the packet size optimization for WUSNs. 21,63,64 Lin et al 63 propose a distributed cross-layer optimization framework, Xlayer, that conserves energy with a gain of throughput for magneto-inductive WUSNs that satisfies a predefined level of QoS. Authors compare the performance of Xlayer with current layered protocols in the literature.…”

Section: Packet Size Optimization For Underground Sensor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on packet size optimization for terrestrial, underwater, underground, and body area sensor networks

Yiğit

Yildiz

Kurt

et al. 2018

Int J Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Packet size optimization is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for improving many performance metrics (eg, network lifetime, delay, throughput, and reliability). In WSNs, longer packets may experience higher loss rates due to harsh channel conditions. On the other hand, shorter packets may suffer from greater overhead. Hence, the optimal packet size must be chosen to enhance various performance metrics of WSNs. To this end, many approaches have been proposed to determine the optimum packet size in WSNs. In the literature, packet size optimization studies focus on a specific application or deployment environment. However, there is no comprehensive and recent survey paper that categorizes these different approaches. To address this need, in this paper, recent studies and techniques on data packet size optimization for terrestrial WSNs, underwater WSNs, wireless underground sensor networks, and body area sensor networks are reviewed to motivate the research community to further investigate this promising research area. The main objective of this paper is to provide a better understanding of different packet size optimization approaches used in different types of sensor networks and applications as well as introduce open research issues and challenges in this area.

show abstract

Distributed Cross-Layer Protocol Design for Magnetic Induction Communication in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Pulses in the sand: Impulse response analysis of wireless underground channel

Pulses in the sand: Impulse response analysis of wireless underground channel

A Computational Channel Model for Magnetic Induction‐Based Subsurface Applications

A survey on packet size optimization for terrestrial, underwater, underground, and body area sensor networks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About