Distortions in indexing methods and investing media for soldering and remount procedures

Harper, Rachel; Nicholls, Jack I.

doi:10.1016/0022-3913(79)90169-0

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In particular, fluxes, investments, and solder‐parent alloy compatibility must be studied and guidelines clarified. The potential researcher would be well advised to refer to the work of Bergman, 19 Hollenback and colleagues, 40,41 Nicholls and co‐workers, 55,56,58,65 and Anusavice and colleagues 35,36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, fluxes, investments, and solder-parent alloy compatibility must be studied and guidelines clarified. The potential researcher would be well advised to refer to the work of Bergman, 19 Hollenback and colleagues, 40,41 Nicholls and co-workers, 55,56,58,65 and Anusavice and colleagues. 35,36 Oven soldering has helped to standardize technique as compared with flame soldering, but it is not applicable in all cases, and the standard problem of distortion still remains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harper and Nicholls 58 compared the 3D distortion caused by various indexing media. They concluded that ZOE bite registration paste was the most accurate indexing method, plaster and Duralay resin were less accurate, and sticky wax least accurate.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Soldering Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soldering in Prosthodontics-An Overview, Part I

Byrne¹

2011

Journal of Prosthodontics

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The fit of fixed multiunit dental prostheses (FDP), traditionally termed fixed partial dentures (FPDs), is an ongoing problem. Poorly fitting restorations may hasten mechanical failure, due to abutment caries or screw failure. Soldering and welding play an important role in trying to overcome misfit of fixed multiunit prostheses. The term FPD will be used to denote multiunit fixed dental prostheses in this review. This is the first of a series of articles that review the state of the art and science of soldering and welding in relation to the fit of cemented or screw-retained multiunit prostheses. A comprehensive archive of background information and scientific findings is presented. Texts in dental materials and prosthodontics were reviewed. Scientific data were drawn from the numerous laboratory studies up to and including 2009. The background, theory, terminology, and working principles, along with the applied research, are presented. This first article focuses on soldering principles and dimensional accuracy in soldering. There is some discussion and suggestions for future research and development. Soldering may improve dimensional accuracy or reduce the distortion of multiunit fixed prostheses. Many variables can affect the outcome in soldering technique. Research science has developed some helpful guidelines. Research projects are disconnected and limited in scope.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soldering in Prosthodontics-An Overview, Part I

Byrne¹

2011

Journal of Prosthodontics

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“…Harper and Nicholls[ 17 ] evaluated the three-dimensional discrepancy caused by different indexing materials. They specified that zinc oxide eugenol bite registration material was the most accurate indexing technique, followed by plaster and Duralay resin, and sticky wax as the least precise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional stability of two solder index materials

et al. 2016

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Objectives:This study aimed to compare the dimensional accuracy of two indexing materials, an acrylic resin (GC pattern resin) and a castable composite (Bredent). The effect of time lapse until investment was also investigated.Materials and Methods:Two standardized brass dies 15 mm apart were prepared and then 20 identical coping-bar assemblies were designed and fabricated by a rapid prototyping device. Each bar was sectioned at the center, and indices were fabricated from an acrylic resin or castable composite (n = 10 per group). The distances between the reference points were measured with a digital microscope at ×80 magnifications at 15 min, 60 min, and 24 h after indexing. Data were statically analyzed using repeated-measure ANOVA (α = 0.05).Results:The distance between the reference points without the coping being joined was considered as the baseline measurement (control group). The mean distance was 19.30 ± 0.04 mm between the reference points where the copings were not joined. When indexed with acrylic resin, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) dimensions were 19.27 ± 0.087 mm (15 min), 19.25 ± 0.09 mm (60 min), and 18.98 ± 0.1 mm (24 h). The mean ± SD dimensions for composite were 19.29 ± 0.087 mm (15 min), 19.28 ± 0.08 mm (60 min), and 19.26 ± 0.08 mm (24 h). All tested groups showed significant differences compared to the control group except when it was indexed with composite and where the distances were measured after 15 and 60 min (P > 0.05).Conclusions:The most accurate indexed-assemblies belonged to castable composite at 15 and 60 min.

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“…Various variables and complex interactions during the soldering process make it even more difficult to control the quality. Quite a few researchers have investigated and compared factors affecting accuracy and strength of soldered prostheses, including the accuracy of the index material (Harper & Nicholls, 1979; Dixon, Breeding & Lindquist, 1992; Cho & Chee, 1995), the effects of gap distance (Stade, Reisbick & Preston, 1975; Rasmussen, Goodkind & Gerberich, 1979; Willis & Nicholls, 1980), different heat sources on soldering strength (Stade et al , 1975; Sobieralski, Schelb & Prihoda, 1990; Louly et al , 1991; Cattaneo et al , 1992; Tehini & Stein, 1993; Cheng et al , 1994; Gulker et al ., 1994; Nabadalung & Nicholls, 1998), and comparison of pre‐solder and post‐solder mechanical strengths (Nicholls & Lemm, 1985; Ziebert et al , 1986; Monday & Asgar, 1986). Stresses on soldered prostheses in the oral cavity are quite complex and dynamic, thus fatigue tests have been conducted to simulate actual pressures on soldered prostheses in order to determine the endurance limit (Hawbolt & MacEntee, 1983; Wiskott, Nicholls & Taggart, 1991; Wiskott, Nicholls & Belser, 1994; Butson et al , 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature and flux concentration on soldering of base metal

Lee

Lin²,

Wang³

et al. 2000

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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The present study used the acoustic ing device. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey LSD test. UTS at different temperatures emission (AE) technique to evaluate interactions among soldering temperature, flux treatment, and showed no significant difference according to either mechanical or acoustic results. But in the 1200°C the resultant ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Scangroup, the UTSs and AE counts showed significant ning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine fracture surfaces of the solder joints. Specimens differences (PB 0·05) at both flux concentrations. SEM showed that the 1200C group had better denwere cast from removable partial denture alloy and then placed in a jig with a gap distance of 1·0 mm. dritic crystal structure than did the 1150°C group. A high-frequency soldering machine with an optiIn the 1200°C group specimens with 67% flux had fewer flux inclusion bodies and dendritic crystals cal pyrometer was used for soldering at 1150°C and 1200°C, respectively. The flux concentrations were than did specimens with 75% flux. The 75% flux subgroup produced high-amplitude (60-70 dB) 67% and 75%. The soldered specimens were subacoustic signals within the elastic deformation jected to tensile test at a crosshead speed of zone, while the 67% flux subgroup produced similar 0·05 mm/min. During testing, acoustic emissions in signals within the plastic deformation zone, either the frequency range of 100-1200 kHz were colbeyond the 0·2% yield point or before fracture. lected, filtered, recorded, and processed by a sens-

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Distortions in indexing methods and investing media for soldering and remount procedures

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Soldering in Prosthodontics-An Overview, Part I

Soldering in Prosthodontics-An Overview, Part I

Dimensional stability of two solder index materials

Effect of temperature and flux concentration on soldering of base metal

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