Distinguishing the affective and cognitive bases of implicit attitudes to improve prediction of food choices

Trendel, Olivier; Werle, Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.005

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The results support the majority of the hypotheses, reflecting the overall validity of the proposed attitudinal model. First, the results indicate that, as regards implicit attitudes toward green products, the cognitive component can be differentiated from the affective component, which is consistent with the ABC model of attitudes [94] and the findings reported by Trendel and Werle [47]. This finding implies that the preferences or evaluations that are generated outside cognitive processing also have a rational influence from what has been learnt subconsciously and what has been felt unconsciously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Second, unlike in the study by Trendel and Werle [47], a significant effect was only observed for the effect of cognitive implicit attitudes on explicit attitudes. This finding stands to reason because these authors [47] analyzed responses to the choice of certain foods with a strong hedonic focus (e.g., chocolate). However, the green products considered in this study are functional, so the significance of the cognitive focus makes sense.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Similarly, recent advances in neuroscience [46] have shown that the models of automatic association (affective) and deliberation (cognitive) are useful to explain how implicit attitudes act. Moreover, Trendel and Werle [47] found that both attitudinal dimensions are constructed independently of overall implicit attitude. The following hypothesis is thus proposed: Hypothesis 1 (H1).…”

Section: Implicit Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Attitudinal Integral-Model to Explain Green Purchase Intention

2019

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: This study explores the relationship between different implicit and explicit attitudes and green purchase intention. A distinction is made between the cognitive and affective components of implicit attitudes. Negative-oriented attitudes such as cynicism and skepticism are also examined. The data collection process provided 724 responses to two online Implicit Association Tests, followed by a questionnaire on explicit attitudes. Two products (insecticide and toothpaste) in green and conventional formats were used. Each individual responded to a random choice of one of these two products. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The cognitive and affective components of implicit attitudes were confirmed to be different constructs. Only the cognitive construct was observed to influence attitudes toward green products. Skepticism was observed to negatively influence attitudes toward green products, although it was not found to influence either attitudes toward purchasing green products versus conventional products or purchase intentions. This study offers an innovative approach by examining different types of attitudes that have never been analyzed together in the literature on green products.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Implicit Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Attitudinal Integral-Model to Explain Green Purchase Intention

2019

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“…In both study cohorts there were no descriptive differences in explicit liking between healthy and unhealthy most liked foods that could transfer to the APP. Although healthiness may not affect priming effects in an explicit manner that would undermine its validity as an indirect measure of liking-as, for example, when these reflect concerns related to health, weight-related goals or social norms (Czyzewska & Graham, 2008)-healthiness could influence task outcomes through implicit healthiness attributes that are automatically retrieved from memory (e.g., see Rangel, 2013;Trendel & Werle, 2015). We specifically assumed that if individuals had greater automatic affective reactions towards unhealthy foods (e.g., "unhealthy = tasty" intuition; Raghunathan, Naylor, & Hoyer, 2006; also see Werle, Trendel, & Ardito, 2013), this would manifest as a positive difference in the magnitude of RT/ER priming effects, even when food primes were matched on explicit liking.…”

Section: Is the App Sensitive To Cognitive Components Of Food Attitudes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The affective component reflects an individual's hedonic reaction to the sensory properties of foods, commonly referred to as food liking, which is a central determinant of dietary choice (Eertmans, Baeyens, & Van den Bergh, 2001). The cognitive component may involve thoughts about the nutritional value of a food item and potential health consequences (Trendel & Werle, 2015). This study examined the methodological validity of an indirect measure of attitudes-the affective priming paradigm (APP; Fazio & Olson, 2003;Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986;Hermans, De Houwer, & Eelen, 2001;Klauer & Musch, 2003)-and the extent to which priming measures were sensitive to affective (i.e., liking) and cognitive (i.e., healthiness) components of food attitudes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The affective priming paradigm as an indirect measure of food attitudes and related choice behaviour

et al. 2020

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In this Registered Report, we assessed the utility of the affective priming paradigm (APP) as an indirect measure of food attitudes and related choice behaviour in two separate cohorts. Participants undertook a speeded evaluative categorization task in which target words were preceded by food primes that differed in terms of affective congruence with the target, explicit liking (most liked or least liked), and healthiness (healthy or unhealthy). Non-food priming effects were tested as a manipulation check, and the relationship between food priming effects and impulsive choice behaviour was also investigated using a binary food choice task. As predicted, priming effects were observed for both healthy and unhealthy foods, but there was no difference in the magnitude of these effects. This may suggest that the paradigm is most sensitive to affective, but not cognitive, components of attitudes (i.e., healthiness), but alternative theoretical explanations and implications of this finding are discussed. Food and nonfood priming effects were observed in both reaction time (RT) and error rate (ER) data, but contrary to expectations, we found no association between food RT priming effects and choice behaviour. All findings from confirmatory analyses regarding RT and ER priming effects, and the absence of the expected correlations between priming effects and impulsive food choices, were successfully replicated in the online cohort of participants. Overall, this study confirms the robustness of the APP as an indirect measure of food liking and raises questions about its applied value for research of eating behaviours.

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Can we have a second helping? A preregistered direct replication study on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying self‐control

Scholz

Chan

Poldrack

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Self-control is of vital importance for human wellbeing. Hare et al. (2009) were among the first to provide empirical evidence on the neural correlates of self-control. This seminal study profoundly impacted theory and empirical work across multiple fields. To solidify the empirical evidence supporting self-control theory, we conducted a preregistered replication of this work. Further, we tested the robustness of the findings across analytic strategies. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while rating 50 food items on healthiness and tastiness and making choices about food consumption. We closely replicated the original analysis pipeline and supplemented it with additional exploratory analyses to follow-up on unexpected findings and to test the sensitivity of results to key analytical choices.Our replication data provide support for the notion that decisions are associated with a value signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which integrates relevant choice attributes to inform a final decision. We found that vmPFC activity was correlated with goal values regardless of the amount of self-control and it correlated with both taste and health in self-controllers but only taste in non-self-controllers. We did not find strong support for the hypothesized role of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in self-control. The absence of statistically significant group differences in dlPFC activity during successful self-control in our sample contrasts with the notion that dlPFC involvement is required in order to effectively integrate longer-term goals into subjective value judgments. Exploratory analyses highlight the sensitivity of results (in terms of effect size) to the analytical strategy, for instance, concerning the approach to region-of-interest analysis.

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Distinguishing the affective and cognitive bases of implicit attitudes to improve prediction of food choices

Cited by 44 publications

References 68 publications

A New Attitudinal Integral-Model to Explain Green Purchase Intention

A New Attitudinal Integral-Model to Explain Green Purchase Intention

The affective priming paradigm as an indirect measure of food attitudes and related choice behaviour

Can we have a second helping? A preregistered direct replication study on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying self‐control

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