“…APE has been shown with different combinations of prime-target, such as word-word (e.g., Fazio et al, 1986 ; Bargh et al, 1996 ; Klauer et al, 1997 ; Hermans et al, 2001 ) as well as picture-word (e.g., Spruyt et al, 2002 , 2018 ), and picture-picture (e.g., Hermans et al, 1994 ; Lugli et al, 2014 ), with either evaluative (e.g., Fazio et al, 1986 ; Hermans et al, 1994 , 2001 ; Bargh et al, 1996 ; Klauer et al, 1997 ; Wu et al, 2021 ), pronunciation (e.g., De Houwer et al, 1998 ), and lexical decision (e.g., Wentura, 2000 ) tasks. Most importantly, APP has been used as an indirect measure of other attitudes, such as food liking (e.g., Tzavella et al, 2020 ). In particular, Tzavella et al ( 2020 ) asked participants to respond to the valence (positive-negative) of target words (e.g., smile) after briefly seeing prime images of healthy (e.g., watermelon) or unhealthy (e.g., crisps) foods that were then masked.…”