Distal forelimb representations in primary motor cortex are redistributed after forelimb restriction: a longitudinal study in adult squirrel monkeys

Milliken, Garrett W.; Plautz, Erik J.; Nudo, Randolph J.

doi:10.1152/jn.00044.2012

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In previous studies, reperfusion was observed after ET-1 treatment was applied around the MCA or PCA in marmoset monkeys1011 and in other studies242526, These findings suggest the models act to mimic clinical stroke and the reperfusion after the focal ischemia in humans. In this study, tissue hyper-intensity at the lesion site was found in T2-weighted images on D7 after the ET-injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys

Dai

Huang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor, has recently been used to induce focal ischemia in rodents and marmoset monkeys. The rhesus monkey, however, has numerous advantages to the rodent and marmoset that make it a superior and irreplaceable animal model for studying stroke in the brain. In the present study, after mapping the preferred hand representation in two healthy male monkeys with intracortical micro-stimulation, ET-1 was microinjected into the contralateral motor cortex (M1) to its preferred hand. The monkeys had been trained in three manual dexterity tasks before the microinjection and were tested for these tasks following the ET-1 injection. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans were performed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post ischemia. It was found that ET-1 impaired the manual dexterity of the monkeys in the vertical slot and rotating Brinkman board tasks 3–8 days after the injection. Brain imaging found that severe edema was present 7 days after the focal ischemia. This data suggest that ET-1 can induce transient ischemic stroke in rhesus monkey and that ET-1 induced focal ischemia in non-human primates is a potential model to study the mechanism of stroke and brain repair after stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…For example, motor deficits in grip strength and in food reward retrieval can be estimated with the behavioral tests including Klüver board, vertical slot and Brinkman board tasks which evaluate dexterous hand functions, especial the digit/finger grasping ability1723242526.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys

Dai

Huang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…As outlined above, a contribution of the perilesional territory in M1 may appear in the case of a very small lesion of the hand area (Glees and Cole, 1952) or when the lesion is followed by intense rehabilitative therapy Dancause and Nudo, 2011). On the contrary, restricted use of a forelimb leads to a reduction of the corresponding digit representation (Milliken et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term motor cortical map changes following unilateral lesion of the hand representation in the motor cortex in macaque monkeys showing functional recovery of hand functions

Wyss

Hamadjida

Savidan

et al. 2013

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience

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Purpose: How are motor maps modified within and in the immediate vicinity of a damaged zone in the motor cortex of non-human primates? Methods: In eight adult macaque monkeys subjected to a restricted chemical lesion of the hand area in the primary motor cortex (M1), motor maps were established using intracortical micro-stimulation (ICMS) techniques. The monkeys were subdivided into five animals without treatment, whereas three monkeys received an anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment. Results: Following permanent M1 injury, the lesion territory became largely non micro-excitable several months post-lesion, in spite of some recovery of hand function. Few sites within the lesion territory remained excitable, though irrespective to the degree of functional recovery. Around the lesion in M1, there was no reallocation of proximal shoulder/arm territories into distal hand functions. However, ICMS delivered at supra-threshold intensities in these proximal territories elicited digit movements. Post-lesion ICMS thresholds to elicit movements of forelimb muscle territories increased, independently from the degree of functional recovery. Further behavioural evidence for an enhancement of functional recovery promoted by the anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment is provided. Conclusion: The degree of functional recovery is not related to a reorganization of motor maps within, and in the vicinity of, a M1 lesion.

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“…Bashir et al, 2012;Freund et al, 2006Freund et al, , 2009Kaeser et al, 2010Kaeser et al, , 2011Kaeser et al, , 2013Kaeser et al, , 2014Liu and Rouiller, 1999;Schmidlin et al, 2004Schmidlin et al, , 2005Schmidlin et al, , 2011Wyss et al, 2013), derived from an early initial version (Brinkman and Kuypers, 1973;Brinkman, 1984); (ii) the modified Klu¨ver board task to assess various types of finger grip, ranging from power grip to precision grip (e.g. Nudo et al, 1992;Xerri et al, 1998;Murata et al, 2008;Milliken et al, 2013;Qi et al, 2013;Sugiyama et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of primary motor cortex in the control of manual dexterity assessed via sequential bilateral lesion in the adult macaque monkey: A case study

et al. 2017

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Abstract-From a case study, we describe the impact of unilateral lesion of the hand area in the primary motor cortex (M1) on manual dexterity and the role of the intact contralesional M1 in long-term functional recovery. An adult macaque monkey performed two manual dexterity tasks: (i) ''modified Brinkman board" task, assessed simple precision grip versus complex precision grip, the latter involved a hand postural adjustment; (ii) ''modified Klü ver board" task, assessed movements ranging from power grip to precision grip, pre-shaping and grasping. Two consecutive unilateral M1 lesions targeted the hand area of each hemisphere, the second lesion was performed after stable, though incomplete, functional recovery from the primary lesion. Following each lesion, the manual dexterity of the contralesional hand was affected in a comparable manner, effects being progressively more deleterious from power grip to simple and then complex precision grips. Both tasks yielded consistent data, namely that the secondary M1 lesion did not have a significant impact on the recovered performance from the primary M1 lesion, which took place 5 months earlier. In conclusion, the intact contralesional M1 did not play a major role in the long-term functional recovery from a primary M1 lesion targeted to the hand area. Ó

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Distal forelimb representations in primary motor cortex are redistributed after forelimb restriction: a longitudinal study in adult squirrel monkeys

Cited by 44 publications

References 51 publications

A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys

A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys

Long-term motor cortical map changes following unilateral lesion of the hand representation in the motor cortex in macaque monkeys showing functional recovery of hand functions

Role of primary motor cortex in the control of manual dexterity assessed via sequential bilateral lesion in the adult macaque monkey: A case study

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